5.9 Glides: Vowels or consonants?..........................................................................260
5.9.1 Principal pieces of evidence; 5.9.2 Scholarly opinions; 5.9.3 The borderline
between glides and vowels in Pre-Coptic times
5.10 Syllabic sonorants...............................................................................................263
5.10.1 General remarks; 5.10.2 Stressed syllabic sonorants before consonants and in
word-final position; 5.10.3 Stressed syllabic sonorants before vowels; 5.10.4 Unstressed
syllabic sonorants before consonants and in word-final position; 5.10.5 Unstressed syl-
labic sonorants before vowels; 5.10.6 Syllabic sonorants and vowel length; 5.10.7 The
phonological status of syllabic sonorants in Coptic; 5.10.8 Emergence and loss of syl-
labic sonorants
6 Prosody...........................................................................................................................269
6.1 Word stress..........................................................................................................269
6.1.1 Stress and tone from a typological perspective; 6.1.2 Stress in Coptic: internal
evidence; 6.1.3 Stress in Coptic: evidence from Late Coptic and borrowings into Arab-
ic; 6.1.4 Stress marks in Coptic manuscripts; 6.1.5 How to determine the stress position
in a Coptic word; 6.1.6 Phonemic stress in Coptic?; 6.1.7 Stress in Pre-Coptic Egyptian
6.2 Compounds..........................................................................................................275
6.2.1 Coptic compounds with final stress...............................................................275
6.2.3 Compounds with non-final stress..................................................................277
6.2.2.1 Definition; 6.2.2.2 Examples; 6.2.2.3 The development of compounds
with non-final stress: previous interpretations; 6.2.2.4 The development of com-
pounds with non-final stress in the light of the revised syllable structure rules
6.3 Clitic placement and intonational units in Earlier Egyptian.........................284
6.4 Graphical reflexes of boundaries......................................................................285
6.4.1 Introduction...............................................................................................285
6.4.2 Large units (paragraphs, sentences) in Egyptian.............................................286
6.4.3 Large units (paragraphs, sentences) in Coptic................................................286
6.4.4 Intermediate units (phrases, words) in Egyptian.............................................287
6.4.5 Intermediate units (phrases, words) in Coptic................................................287
6.4.6 Small units (morphemes, syllables) in Egyptian..............................................288
6.4.7 Small units (morphemes, syllables) in Coptic.................................................288
6.4.7.1 The influence of morpheme boundaries on Coptic spelling; 6.4.7.2
Syllable marking in a Sahidic text
6.5 Metrics.................................................................................................................292
Appendix 1 Frequency of consonants in Middle Egyptian.....................................295
Appendix 2 Consonantal compatibility in Middle Egyptian..................................297
Appendix 3 The Egyptian numerals from 3 to ±0 in cuneiform transcription.......3oo
Appendix 4 Word forms in Sinuhe still found in Coptic.........................................3oi
Appendix 5 Semitic loan words from the New Kingdom still found in Coptic.....307
Appendix 6 The Egyptian month names...................................................................3n
Appendix 7 Pronunciation of H in Late Coptic.......................................................3i2
Appendix 8 Representation of Coptic consonants in Arabic loan words..............32i
Appendix 9 Modern Egyptian toponyms of Pre-Arabic origin................................324
Appendix 10 Some lexical differences between two major Coptic dialects...........327
Selective index...................................................................................r..................................329
Topics; Egyptian and Coptic words; Egyptian proper names in cuneiform transcription;
Words in other languages; Hieroglyphs
Bibliography..........................................................................................................................335
Abbreviations of journals......................................................................................................363
5.9.1 Principal pieces of evidence; 5.9.2 Scholarly opinions; 5.9.3 The borderline
between glides and vowels in Pre-Coptic times
5.10 Syllabic sonorants...............................................................................................263
5.10.1 General remarks; 5.10.2 Stressed syllabic sonorants before consonants and in
word-final position; 5.10.3 Stressed syllabic sonorants before vowels; 5.10.4 Unstressed
syllabic sonorants before consonants and in word-final position; 5.10.5 Unstressed syl-
labic sonorants before vowels; 5.10.6 Syllabic sonorants and vowel length; 5.10.7 The
phonological status of syllabic sonorants in Coptic; 5.10.8 Emergence and loss of syl-
labic sonorants
6 Prosody...........................................................................................................................269
6.1 Word stress..........................................................................................................269
6.1.1 Stress and tone from a typological perspective; 6.1.2 Stress in Coptic: internal
evidence; 6.1.3 Stress in Coptic: evidence from Late Coptic and borrowings into Arab-
ic; 6.1.4 Stress marks in Coptic manuscripts; 6.1.5 How to determine the stress position
in a Coptic word; 6.1.6 Phonemic stress in Coptic?; 6.1.7 Stress in Pre-Coptic Egyptian
6.2 Compounds..........................................................................................................275
6.2.1 Coptic compounds with final stress...............................................................275
6.2.3 Compounds with non-final stress..................................................................277
6.2.2.1 Definition; 6.2.2.2 Examples; 6.2.2.3 The development of compounds
with non-final stress: previous interpretations; 6.2.2.4 The development of com-
pounds with non-final stress in the light of the revised syllable structure rules
6.3 Clitic placement and intonational units in Earlier Egyptian.........................284
6.4 Graphical reflexes of boundaries......................................................................285
6.4.1 Introduction...............................................................................................285
6.4.2 Large units (paragraphs, sentences) in Egyptian.............................................286
6.4.3 Large units (paragraphs, sentences) in Coptic................................................286
6.4.4 Intermediate units (phrases, words) in Egyptian.............................................287
6.4.5 Intermediate units (phrases, words) in Coptic................................................287
6.4.6 Small units (morphemes, syllables) in Egyptian..............................................288
6.4.7 Small units (morphemes, syllables) in Coptic.................................................288
6.4.7.1 The influence of morpheme boundaries on Coptic spelling; 6.4.7.2
Syllable marking in a Sahidic text
6.5 Metrics.................................................................................................................292
Appendix 1 Frequency of consonants in Middle Egyptian.....................................295
Appendix 2 Consonantal compatibility in Middle Egyptian..................................297
Appendix 3 The Egyptian numerals from 3 to ±0 in cuneiform transcription.......3oo
Appendix 4 Word forms in Sinuhe still found in Coptic.........................................3oi
Appendix 5 Semitic loan words from the New Kingdom still found in Coptic.....307
Appendix 6 The Egyptian month names...................................................................3n
Appendix 7 Pronunciation of H in Late Coptic.......................................................3i2
Appendix 8 Representation of Coptic consonants in Arabic loan words..............32i
Appendix 9 Modern Egyptian toponyms of Pre-Arabic origin................................324
Appendix 10 Some lexical differences between two major Coptic dialects...........327
Selective index...................................................................................r..................................329
Topics; Egyptian and Coptic words; Egyptian proper names in cuneiform transcription;
Words in other languages; Hieroglyphs
Bibliography..........................................................................................................................335
Abbreviations of journals......................................................................................................363