DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.13851#0462
440
of the military affairs of greece.
Taj's <5ioix»)tf£ws, because they administered the city business ; the other.,
T»g \k\ twv S-rXwv, from their concern about arms. The latter of these
listed and disbanded soldiers, as there was occasion (1), and, in short, had
the whole management of war devolved upon them, during their contin-
uance in that post, which seems not to have been long, it beingcustomary
for the generals who remained in the city, to take their turns of serving in
the war (2).
Taf i'a£X0' were likewise ten (every tribe having the privilege of electing
one) and commanded next under the 2rgcvn\yoi. They had the care of
marshalling the army, gave orders for their marches, and what provisions
every soldier should furnish himself with, which were conveyed to the
army by public criers. They had also power to cashier any of the com-
mon soldiers, if convicted of misdemeanours. Their jurisdiction was
only over the foot (3).
'Itftfag^oi, were only two in number (4) and had the chief command of
the cavalry next under the 2rparv\foi (5).
<I>uXa^o» were ten ; one being nominated by every tribe. They were
subordinate officers to the 'ItHtagxpi, and invested with authority to dis-
charge horsemen, and to fill up the vacancies, as occasion required (6).
Thus much of the general-officers. The inferiors usually derived
their titles from the squadron, or number of men under their command :
as \o~/a.yot, X'^'^X0'' ^cwcvra^oi, <5sxa<5a£Xoi, *SjX*a5a^oj, &c. Proceed
we, in the next place, to the commanders of the Spartan army.
The supreme command was lodged in one person ; for the Lacedaemo-
nians, however fond of aristocracy in civil affairs, found, by experience,
that in war, a monarchial government was on several accounts preferable
to all others (7) : for it happening, that once, upon a difference in opinion
between their two kings. Demaratus and Cleomenes, the former with-
drew his part of the army, and left his colleague exposed to the enemy,
a law was hereupon enacted, that, for the future, they should never com-
mand the army together, as had been usual before that misfortune (8).
Yet upon extraordinary occasions, when the safety and honour of the
state was in dispute, they had so much piudence,as rather, by transgress-
ing the letter of the law to secure their country, than, by insisting on ni-
ceties, to bring it into danger : for we find that, when Agis was engaged
in a dangerous war with the Argeans and Mantineans, Plistonax, his fellow
king, having raised an army out of such citizens, as by their age were at
other times excused from military service, went in person to his assist-
ance (9).
The general's title (as some say) was Bafog (10), which others will have
common to all other military officers. He was ordinarily one of the kings
of Sparta; it being appointed by one of Lycurgus's laws, that this honour
should belong to the kings : but in cases of necessity, as in their king's mi-
nority, a protector, or viceroy, called nrp^ixog, was substituted for the ma-
nagement of military, as well as civil affairs (11). It was under this cha-
racter that Lycurgus reformed and new modelled the Lacedaemonian poli-
(1) Idem Orat. de Epitrierch. Plutarchus
Phocione.
(2) Ulpiauus in Medianam.
(3) Lysias Orat. pro Mantitheo. et de neg-
lecta militia. Aristophanis Scholiast. Avibus.
(4) Sigonius de Lep. Athen.
!• (5) Demosthenes Midiana.
(6) Lysias in locis citatis.
(7) Isucrates ad Nicoclem.
(8) Herodotus, lib. v. cap. 5.
(9) Thucychdes,lib. v.
(10) Hesychius.
(11) Xeaophon de Repub, Lacedaejm,
of the military affairs of greece.
Taj's <5ioix»)tf£ws, because they administered the city business ; the other.,
T»g \k\ twv S-rXwv, from their concern about arms. The latter of these
listed and disbanded soldiers, as there was occasion (1), and, in short, had
the whole management of war devolved upon them, during their contin-
uance in that post, which seems not to have been long, it beingcustomary
for the generals who remained in the city, to take their turns of serving in
the war (2).
Taf i'a£X0' were likewise ten (every tribe having the privilege of electing
one) and commanded next under the 2rgcvn\yoi. They had the care of
marshalling the army, gave orders for their marches, and what provisions
every soldier should furnish himself with, which were conveyed to the
army by public criers. They had also power to cashier any of the com-
mon soldiers, if convicted of misdemeanours. Their jurisdiction was
only over the foot (3).
'Itftfag^oi, were only two in number (4) and had the chief command of
the cavalry next under the 2rparv\foi (5).
<I>uXa^o» were ten ; one being nominated by every tribe. They were
subordinate officers to the 'ItHtagxpi, and invested with authority to dis-
charge horsemen, and to fill up the vacancies, as occasion required (6).
Thus much of the general-officers. The inferiors usually derived
their titles from the squadron, or number of men under their command :
as \o~/a.yot, X'^'^X0'' ^cwcvra^oi, <5sxa<5a£Xoi, *SjX*a5a^oj, &c. Proceed
we, in the next place, to the commanders of the Spartan army.
The supreme command was lodged in one person ; for the Lacedaemo-
nians, however fond of aristocracy in civil affairs, found, by experience,
that in war, a monarchial government was on several accounts preferable
to all others (7) : for it happening, that once, upon a difference in opinion
between their two kings. Demaratus and Cleomenes, the former with-
drew his part of the army, and left his colleague exposed to the enemy,
a law was hereupon enacted, that, for the future, they should never com-
mand the army together, as had been usual before that misfortune (8).
Yet upon extraordinary occasions, when the safety and honour of the
state was in dispute, they had so much piudence,as rather, by transgress-
ing the letter of the law to secure their country, than, by insisting on ni-
ceties, to bring it into danger : for we find that, when Agis was engaged
in a dangerous war with the Argeans and Mantineans, Plistonax, his fellow
king, having raised an army out of such citizens, as by their age were at
other times excused from military service, went in person to his assist-
ance (9).
The general's title (as some say) was Bafog (10), which others will have
common to all other military officers. He was ordinarily one of the kings
of Sparta; it being appointed by one of Lycurgus's laws, that this honour
should belong to the kings : but in cases of necessity, as in their king's mi-
nority, a protector, or viceroy, called nrp^ixog, was substituted for the ma-
nagement of military, as well as civil affairs (11). It was under this cha-
racter that Lycurgus reformed and new modelled the Lacedaemonian poli-
(1) Idem Orat. de Epitrierch. Plutarchus
Phocione.
(2) Ulpiauus in Medianam.
(3) Lysias Orat. pro Mantitheo. et de neg-
lecta militia. Aristophanis Scholiast. Avibus.
(4) Sigonius de Lep. Athen.
!• (5) Demosthenes Midiana.
(6) Lysias in locis citatis.
(7) Isucrates ad Nicoclem.
(8) Herodotus, lib. v. cap. 5.
(9) Thucychdes,lib. v.
(10) Hesychius.
(11) Xeaophon de Repub, Lacedaejm,