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26 I. THE LYCOS VALLEY.

except in the village of Khonai, which was half-Christian, and a small
Greek settlement in Denizli. What was the history of the Christians
of the Lycos valley in the interval? The answer to this question
would be a discussion of the situation and treatment of the Christian
population under Seljuk and Osmanli domination. That lies beyond
the scope of this book; but one or two facts may be stated.

The foundation of Denizli evidently was, as we have already seen,
connected with the desertion of the older Laodiceia. The population
migrated from the latter to the former, as they migrated from Tripolis
to Yeni-Keui. The very name ' full of waters' suggests the reason
why the site was chosen. Laodiceia in its dry and bare situation was
entirely dependent on artificial supply of water, brought from beside
Denizli. In the latter place the water runs through the streets.
Denizli is embowered in gardens and verdure ; the situation of Lao-
diceia is hot, dusty, and uninviting. The one great advantage of
Laodiceia, its situation on the actual line of the Eastern Highway, was
of no consequence after commerce decayed and every village lived
on the produce of its own fields. The delightful situation of Denizli
must have made it at all times a country resort of the Laodiceans;
and as the appliances of civilization, which made the existence of
a large city at Laodiceia possible, decayed (e. g. when the water-supply
was interrupted, and neither skill nor energy to repair it existed),
population could not maintain itself at Laodiceia. In contrast to the
new city, Laodiceia was called Eski-Hissar ' the old fortress.' There
was still a village beside it in the early part of this century ; now
hardly a house remains.

The new Laodiceia on the site of Denizli had become the centre of
population when Ibn Batuta visited the district about A.D. 1332 or
1333. He calls it 'a large and fine city, abounding with water and
gardens V governed by ' the sultan Yajaj Beg, who is one of the
greatest princes of these parts'; and he gives the name as Ladhik.
His description leaves no doubt that he moans Denizli, though he
uses the historical Greek name, and Schebab-ed-din about 1340 uses
the name Thingozlou -. Denizli, then, is a descriptive epithet of the
city which was called Ladhik for a time even by the Turks, and which
therefore must have the continuation of the historical existence of the
original Laodiceia.

Greek agent for the former line told except Turkish.

me that, when he came to Serai-Keui, ' Travels of Ibn Batuta, brans! by

there, was in the Lycos valley no one Lee, p. 70.

except himself that could speak Greek. * According to Mas Latrie Treaor dr.

The few Christians knew no language Chronologies 179S.
 
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