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https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4679#0195
5. MEN KAROU. 169
also (p. 37). Probably Laodiceia was founded in territory that
originally was under the influence of this great sanctuary.
Attouda, as we have seen, was probably in Caria. It follows there-
fore that Men Karou is a deity settled on Carian soil, and it is natural
to treat the title Karou as territorial in origin 1. Men Karou is the
Carian development of the old Phrygian deity worshipped in the
Lycos valley, who became in the semi-Greek colony Zeus Laodikenos,
and is known in the old Phrygian holy city Hierapolis as Lairbenos.
It is, however, probable that Men was not the oldest name by which
the god worshipped at Attouda was known to his worshippers ; but
merely a grecized form of the old Phrygian word Manes, which was
a divine name or epithet (see Ch. IX § 5). The true old name remains
in Attouda, ' the town of Attis V
§ 6. Attes and Meter Adeastos. We take the view that Men
and Attis are deities of similar character, probably derived from the
same ultimate cultus, but differentiated by development in different
surroundings. In the fact that the city where Men Karou is wor-
shipped bears the name ' City of Attes,' we may fairly see a proof of
the ultimate identity of these two deities. It is possible that careful
observation may yet trace the line of development of each.
On the coins of Attouda Cybele is as characteristic a type as Men ;
the priesthood of Meter Adrastos is mentioned in an inscription (BCH
1887 p. 349); and games held in the city were called '0[\vfi]7rta
'HpaxXeia 'ASpdarrja, i.e. games on the Olympian rules in honour of
Herakles and Meter Adrastos3. The type of this goddess on coins
is described in § 4. We naturally conjecture that Meter Adrastos and
Men Karou are a pair of the common Anatolian type (Ch. Ill); but
no evidence exists. The name Adrastos is old Phrygian. It occurs
as the name of a Phiygian noble who took refuge with Croesus king
of Lydia, and was purified by him from the crime of murder (Herod.
1 The indeclinable termination -ou as the oldest (silver) coins give it; but
occurs in a few other cases, Men Tiamou almost all the coins and an inscription
in the Katakekaumene (Wadd. no. 668), have Attouda.
Men Pharnakou in Pontus (Strab. 3 M. Radet BCH 1890 p. 239 considers
p. 557), the personal name Tieiou at that the games were called after their
Metropolis of Phrygia. founder Adrastos (like Attaleia at
2 On the suffix -oudda, -ouda, &c, Aphrodisias, Kharmideia at Herakleia,
see commentary on no. 31. Attaia is &c.); and an agonothete Adrastos is
formed by another suffix (Hist. Geogr. mentioned in inscr. 71. But it seems
pp. 241, 368). With Attaia-Attouda, more natural to derive the name from
compare Sbida-Sibidounda, Alia-Aloud- the goddess, like the Letoia at Hiera-
da, Sala-Salouda, perhaps Las-Lounda. polis, Artemisia at Ephesos, &c.
Attoudda is certainly the proper form,
also (p. 37). Probably Laodiceia was founded in territory that
originally was under the influence of this great sanctuary.
Attouda, as we have seen, was probably in Caria. It follows there-
fore that Men Karou is a deity settled on Carian soil, and it is natural
to treat the title Karou as territorial in origin 1. Men Karou is the
Carian development of the old Phrygian deity worshipped in the
Lycos valley, who became in the semi-Greek colony Zeus Laodikenos,
and is known in the old Phrygian holy city Hierapolis as Lairbenos.
It is, however, probable that Men was not the oldest name by which
the god worshipped at Attouda was known to his worshippers ; but
merely a grecized form of the old Phrygian word Manes, which was
a divine name or epithet (see Ch. IX § 5). The true old name remains
in Attouda, ' the town of Attis V
§ 6. Attes and Meter Adeastos. We take the view that Men
and Attis are deities of similar character, probably derived from the
same ultimate cultus, but differentiated by development in different
surroundings. In the fact that the city where Men Karou is wor-
shipped bears the name ' City of Attes,' we may fairly see a proof of
the ultimate identity of these two deities. It is possible that careful
observation may yet trace the line of development of each.
On the coins of Attouda Cybele is as characteristic a type as Men ;
the priesthood of Meter Adrastos is mentioned in an inscription (BCH
1887 p. 349); and games held in the city were called '0[\vfi]7rta
'HpaxXeia 'ASpdarrja, i.e. games on the Olympian rules in honour of
Herakles and Meter Adrastos3. The type of this goddess on coins
is described in § 4. We naturally conjecture that Meter Adrastos and
Men Karou are a pair of the common Anatolian type (Ch. Ill); but
no evidence exists. The name Adrastos is old Phrygian. It occurs
as the name of a Phiygian noble who took refuge with Croesus king
of Lydia, and was purified by him from the crime of murder (Herod.
1 The indeclinable termination -ou as the oldest (silver) coins give it; but
occurs in a few other cases, Men Tiamou almost all the coins and an inscription
in the Katakekaumene (Wadd. no. 668), have Attouda.
Men Pharnakou in Pontus (Strab. 3 M. Radet BCH 1890 p. 239 considers
p. 557), the personal name Tieiou at that the games were called after their
Metropolis of Phrygia. founder Adrastos (like Attaleia at
2 On the suffix -oudda, -ouda, &c, Aphrodisias, Kharmideia at Herakleia,
see commentary on no. 31. Attaia is &c.); and an agonothete Adrastos is
formed by another suffix (Hist. Geogr. mentioned in inscr. 71. But it seems
pp. 241, 368). With Attaia-Attouda, more natural to derive the name from
compare Sbida-Sibidounda, Alia-Aloud- the goddess, like the Letoia at Hiera-
da, Sala-Salouda, perhaps Las-Lounda. polis, Artemisia at Ephesos, &c.
Attoudda is certainly the proper form,