DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4679#0213
App. II. THE PHRYGO-CARIAN FRONTIER. 187
first seen in the Maeander valley, and thereafter betook himself to
Harmala, where he first made known his royal origin. The mention of
Pissa perhaps gives a clue to the situation of Harmala. There is a village
Pisa or Bissa on the hills on the north side of Kara-Arslan-Ova (valley
of Apollonia) : perhaps this is the Pissa of Nicetas. It was observed
first by Prof. Sterrett, who has published two inscriptions found there1,
6. Louma and Pentacheiu are placed by Haase 2 in the Maeander
valley near Antioch: the only reference to them (Nicetas p. 251) shows
that they were further west, perhaps even bej'ond Tralleis; in that
neighbourhood, Mount Latmos is called Besh-Parmak (i. e. ' Five
Fingers' 3).
7. Monasteries. George Pachymeres, I p. 310, speaks of the nu-
merous monasteries in the Maeander valley, which were deserted by the
monks as the once fruitful valley gradually became a wilderness through
the Turkish incursions in the reign of Michael Palaeologus (1258-82). The
Osmanli conquest was so thorough because it destroyed the civilization of
Asia; and its thoroughness was proportionate to its destroying effect.
Where it suffered any commerce and education to remain, it was corre-
spondingly less effectual.
8. Gordiou-Teichos must have been situated on the middle course of
the Morsynos near the modern town Kara-Su (which is seat of a umdw).
It was on the route of Manlius one day's march south of Antioch on the
road to Tabai, which was apparently reached in two days' march {tertiw
castrix) from Gordiou Teichos. It struck coins ; but is never mentioned
in the Byzantine lists. Perhaps it was included under the same bishop
as Antioch; but more probably it ought to be identified with Tapasa,
which occurs in all the Notitiae next to Antioch.
9. Aphrodisias was one of the greatest cities of Caria under the
Roman Empire. As time passed, the west coast of Caria diminished in
importance, many of its cities sank into insignificance and ceased to strike
1 In a private letter he expressed to But this is quite irreconcilable with the
me the opinion that Pissa was an an- words of Nicetas, who mentions Antio-
cient name preserved; but no reference cheia, Tralleis, and the sea in the same
to any ancient Pissa was at the time connexion. Moreover Besh-Parmak,
known to either of us. His opinion is though on the map it is shown near
now justified. lake Anava, is really quite away from
2 Ersch and Gruber Encydop. s. v. the road, and overhangs Baklan-Ova.
Phrygien p. 274. Tomaschek's work is most valuable and
3 Tomaschek, zur hislor. Topographic instructive ; but shows occasionally
Kleinasiens, identifies Pentacheir with errors due to want of actual witness and
another mountain Besh-Parmak north sometimes even serious misconceptions
of lake Anava (Adji-Tuz-Gol Ch. VII). of the relative situation of places.
first seen in the Maeander valley, and thereafter betook himself to
Harmala, where he first made known his royal origin. The mention of
Pissa perhaps gives a clue to the situation of Harmala. There is a village
Pisa or Bissa on the hills on the north side of Kara-Arslan-Ova (valley
of Apollonia) : perhaps this is the Pissa of Nicetas. It was observed
first by Prof. Sterrett, who has published two inscriptions found there1,
6. Louma and Pentacheiu are placed by Haase 2 in the Maeander
valley near Antioch: the only reference to them (Nicetas p. 251) shows
that they were further west, perhaps even bej'ond Tralleis; in that
neighbourhood, Mount Latmos is called Besh-Parmak (i. e. ' Five
Fingers' 3).
7. Monasteries. George Pachymeres, I p. 310, speaks of the nu-
merous monasteries in the Maeander valley, which were deserted by the
monks as the once fruitful valley gradually became a wilderness through
the Turkish incursions in the reign of Michael Palaeologus (1258-82). The
Osmanli conquest was so thorough because it destroyed the civilization of
Asia; and its thoroughness was proportionate to its destroying effect.
Where it suffered any commerce and education to remain, it was corre-
spondingly less effectual.
8. Gordiou-Teichos must have been situated on the middle course of
the Morsynos near the modern town Kara-Su (which is seat of a umdw).
It was on the route of Manlius one day's march south of Antioch on the
road to Tabai, which was apparently reached in two days' march {tertiw
castrix) from Gordiou Teichos. It struck coins ; but is never mentioned
in the Byzantine lists. Perhaps it was included under the same bishop
as Antioch; but more probably it ought to be identified with Tapasa,
which occurs in all the Notitiae next to Antioch.
9. Aphrodisias was one of the greatest cities of Caria under the
Roman Empire. As time passed, the west coast of Caria diminished in
importance, many of its cities sank into insignificance and ceased to strike
1 In a private letter he expressed to But this is quite irreconcilable with the
me the opinion that Pissa was an an- words of Nicetas, who mentions Antio-
cient name preserved; but no reference cheia, Tralleis, and the sea in the same
to any ancient Pissa was at the time connexion. Moreover Besh-Parmak,
known to either of us. His opinion is though on the map it is shown near
now justified. lake Anava, is really quite away from
2 Ersch and Gruber Encydop. s. v. the road, and overhangs Baklan-Ova.
Phrygien p. 274. Tomaschek's work is most valuable and
3 Tomaschek, zur hislor. Topographic instructive ; but shows occasionally
Kleinasiens, identifies Pentacheir with errors due to want of actual witness and
another mountain Besh-Parmak north sometimes even serious misconceptions
of lake Anava (Adji-Tuz-Gol Ch. VII). of the relative situation of places.