DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4679#0230
204 V. PHRYGIAN CITIES OF THE LOWER MAEANDER.
I shall be glad to be corrected by any critic. The subject is obscure ;
but, if it is investigated methodically without a foregone conclusion in
favour of one era, some important results may yet be discovered. I have
no prejudice in favour of the view I have stated ; and I do not venture
to draw any inferences from it.
One point more remains : what was the day of the ' New Year' in the
Lydo-Phrygian calendar ? In the Asian calendar, as used in the coast-
valleys, New Year's Day was 23 Sept., IX Kal. Octob. Was the Lydo-
Phrygian usage similar ? I would suggest that, before we answer in the
affirmative, we should consider whether 1 Aug. may not perhaps be right1.
It will be convenient to compare the two systems in a table—
The Month
in the Asian system runs
in the supposed Lydo-Phrygian
system is
1 Dios
23 Sept.
to
23 Oct. containing
31 days
August containing 31 days
2 Apellaios
24 Oct.
rt
22 Nov. ,,
3°
?>
September ,, 30 ,,
3 Audna
23 Nov.
j?
23 Dec. ,,
31
!>
October ,, 31 ,,
4 Peritios
24 Dec.
tj
23 Jan. ,,
31
t)
November „ 30 „
5 Dystros
24 Jan.
j>
20 Feb. ,,
28
n
December „ 31 ,,
6 Xanthos
21 Feb.
>}
23 March ,,
31
jj
January „ 31 „
7 Artemisios
24 March
tt
22 April ,,
3°
jj
February ,, 28 ,,
8 Daisios
23 April
p
23 May ,,
31
7?
March „ 31 „
9 Panemos
24 May
:i
22 June „
3°
11
April ,, 30 ,,
10 Loos
23 June
11
23 July .,
31
jj
May „ 31 „
n Gorpiai
24 July
>»
23 Aug. ,,
31
»>
June ,, 30 ,,
12 Hyperberetaios
24 Aug.
»
22 Sept. „
3°
r?
July ,, 3t „
I have tried the following tests ; some are indecisive ; but these may
suggest to critics others which I have not observed.
(1) As was pointed out by M. Waddington on no. 980, the first year
of the Sudan era had begun before Aug. 31, B.C. 85.
(2) The fifth month of the Lydo-Phrygian year had at least 30
days, CIG- 3896 (recopied by me in 1884). This suits the supposed Lydo-
Phrygian year, but not the Asian system.
(3) The proconsul Paullus Fabius Maximus c. 6 B.C. seems to have tried
to introduce the Asian year at Apameia and Eumeneia (and probably in
the whole of Phrygia), as we see from fragmentary inscriptions CIG 3957,
Ath. Mitth. XVI pp. 235, 283, BCH 1893 p. 315. In one part of the
monument at Apameia which commemorated this attempt, a list of
months with their duration was given. The eleventh and twelfth months
are marked with 30 and 31 days respectively; now in the Asian year
these months had 31 and 30 days. Is this public inscription wrong on
1 In Hist. Geogr. p. 442 I wrongly
suggested 1 July. I ought to have seen
that a loyal year must begin either on
1 August or on 23 Sept.
I shall be glad to be corrected by any critic. The subject is obscure ;
but, if it is investigated methodically without a foregone conclusion in
favour of one era, some important results may yet be discovered. I have
no prejudice in favour of the view I have stated ; and I do not venture
to draw any inferences from it.
One point more remains : what was the day of the ' New Year' in the
Lydo-Phrygian calendar ? In the Asian calendar, as used in the coast-
valleys, New Year's Day was 23 Sept., IX Kal. Octob. Was the Lydo-
Phrygian usage similar ? I would suggest that, before we answer in the
affirmative, we should consider whether 1 Aug. may not perhaps be right1.
It will be convenient to compare the two systems in a table—
The Month
in the Asian system runs
in the supposed Lydo-Phrygian
system is
1 Dios
23 Sept.
to
23 Oct. containing
31 days
August containing 31 days
2 Apellaios
24 Oct.
rt
22 Nov. ,,
3°
?>
September ,, 30 ,,
3 Audna
23 Nov.
j?
23 Dec. ,,
31
!>
October ,, 31 ,,
4 Peritios
24 Dec.
tj
23 Jan. ,,
31
t)
November „ 30 „
5 Dystros
24 Jan.
j>
20 Feb. ,,
28
n
December „ 31 ,,
6 Xanthos
21 Feb.
>}
23 March ,,
31
jj
January „ 31 „
7 Artemisios
24 March
tt
22 April ,,
3°
jj
February ,, 28 ,,
8 Daisios
23 April
p
23 May ,,
31
7?
March „ 31 „
9 Panemos
24 May
:i
22 June „
3°
11
April ,, 30 ,,
10 Loos
23 June
11
23 July .,
31
jj
May „ 31 „
n Gorpiai
24 July
>»
23 Aug. ,,
31
»>
June ,, 30 ,,
12 Hyperberetaios
24 Aug.
»
22 Sept. „
3°
r?
July ,, 3t „
I have tried the following tests ; some are indecisive ; but these may
suggest to critics others which I have not observed.
(1) As was pointed out by M. Waddington on no. 980, the first year
of the Sudan era had begun before Aug. 31, B.C. 85.
(2) The fifth month of the Lydo-Phrygian year had at least 30
days, CIG- 3896 (recopied by me in 1884). This suits the supposed Lydo-
Phrygian year, but not the Asian system.
(3) The proconsul Paullus Fabius Maximus c. 6 B.C. seems to have tried
to introduce the Asian year at Apameia and Eumeneia (and probably in
the whole of Phrygia), as we see from fragmentary inscriptions CIG 3957,
Ath. Mitth. XVI pp. 235, 283, BCH 1893 p. 315. In one part of the
monument at Apameia which commemorated this attempt, a list of
months with their duration was given. The eleventh and twelfth months
are marked with 30 and 31 days respectively; now in the Asian year
these months had 31 and 30 days. Is this public inscription wrong on
1 In Hist. Geogr. p. 442 I wrongly
suggested 1 July. I ought to have seen
that a loyal year must begin either on
1 August or on 23 Sept.