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CHAPTER VI

COLOSSAI AND THE ROADS TO THE EAST

§ 1. Situation and Scenery p. 208. §2. People and State of Colossai p. 212.
§3. Khonai p. 213. §4. St. Michael of Klionai p. 214. §5. The Phrygian
Tripolis p. 216. § 6. The Eastern Highway p. 217. § 7. The Byzantine Road
to the East p. 219. § 8. The Sihlianoi p. 221. § 9. The Theme of Khoma
p. 226. § 10. Lampe p. 227. § 11. Kharax and Graos Gala p. 228. § 12.
Sanaos p. 230. § 13. The Lake of Anava p. 230.

Appendices: I. Inscriptions of the Siblian Country p. 232. II. Bishops of
Siblia and the Phrygian Tripolis p. 233.

§ 1. Situation and Scenery. Colossai occupied the sloping glen
of the upper Lycos (Ch. I § 3), from which M. Kadmos rises so steep
on the south that it seems almost to overhang the level bottom of the
glen. On the north broken hilly ground forms the transition from
the level valley to the mountain-rim of the plateau. The part of the
plateau which presses from the north on the upper end of the Lycos
valley is the Baklan-Ova, the territory of the ancient Lounda. The
highest point of the ridge that bounds the plateau, forming a continu-
ation of the Mossyna mountains, is now called Belevi-Dagh. The
main road that connects the Lycos valley with the Baklan-Ova passes
north of it after crossing the hilly ground on the west; but a shorter
path ascends sharply from the eastern end of the glen northwards
by Ala-Kurt to Denizler. Nearly at the same point another path
leads up eastwards by the easy pass of Graos-Gala to the plain of
Sanaos, with its salt lake, one of the lowest parts of the central
plateau: this was the line of the great Eastern Highway. The
Colossian glen is about 1,100 feet above sea-level at its western end,
and 1,700 at its eastern end; while Kadmos rises to about 7,000 feet.
At the eastern end of the glen, overhanging the Eastern Highway
on the south, is Sivri-Dagh, Pointed-Mount, whose name properly
describes its conical peak. It is a prominent and beautiful point,
which the traveller will recognize at his first glance over the valley.

Colossai was situated on the south bank of the Lycos, on a rising
 
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