Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

App. CHRISTIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 523

been enrolled as an honorary citizen of other cities, but that he is using
a common formula to point in a covert way to his heavenly citizenship.
At a later time we find the term ovpavoi:ok(.Trjs frequent in the Chr.
panegyrics : cp. ©eoboaios 6 a^topandpLa-Tos nal ovpavoTToXiTrjs Kyrillus, in
Usener cler Ileilige Tkeodosios p. 105. It is of course impossible to prove
that Eutyches meant anything different from the ordinary formula ; but,
when it is certain that a symbolic form of expression was in use among
the Chr., one may look for possible examples of it. A covert way of
indicating the religion was evidently sought after among the Chr.,
while open declaration was discouraged by the Church. No. 657 1. 1.

If the reading evpopois in the superscription be correct, it must be
understood in the sense of fto the happy dead/ like the Latin Chr.
formula Bonis Bene, as a Chr. substitute for the pagan Dig ManiLus (to
which however in its abbreviated form D. M. many Chr. clung from
habit, probably without any distinct idea of its meaning). The word
eijxopos does not occur, but the words eijj.oipos and hvapopos may have
led to the form evp.opos. The letters however are difficult to read with
certainty (see note on the text); and M, Cumont may be right in accept-
ing Evixop(pis as a pet-name of Eutyches, inscribed over the epitaph;
though the expression of the familiar alternative name Helix makes this
less probable than it would otherwise be.

Some analogous cases may be mentioned. The following inscr. from
Julia-Gordus is published by M. Paris in BCH 1884 p. 385 Dig M[ani-
bus). Crescenti Augg. vernae disj}. vixit annis LULL 'E77iot^/x?j <tvv toIs

TiKVOlS Kp^<TK(VTl (7D/x/3l'<j) jX. )(., iTTipe\l]6ivTOS TIov. K^OVIOV ^V(pr]jXOV.

EYMOPcboC.

Episteme, his wife (contuhernalig), dedicated, and P. Cluvius 1 Euphemos
(either a freedman, or a Greek Roman) superintended : the word Evp.op(f>os,
in a line by itself, is obscure. In CIG 9424 ev8a.be /cen-cu "Ayvos Scocrt-
■na.T[p\ov bovXos' evp.oi[p]o$2 the religion (as Kirchhoff says in CIG) is
indubitable. In CIG 9454 (Chr.) evy-oipei QeoKTiarr]. M. Le Blant
quotes8 evjxvpi, 'Ovqcrip.e' ovbls aOavaros [tfprep y[fjs] (Chr.) Eev. Archeol.
1874 II p. 252 (expressions like p.i] ^virrs, ovbels adavaros, seem to occur
in pagan, Jewish, and Chr. inscr. alike).

365, 366. (11. 1887). Yakasimak*. M. Paris in BCH 1884 p. 252.
Cumont 136. The text is really double. [*Er]ous rjn7j', /^(vos) [ . . . ]|.

1 Cluius (like KXovtos here) is some- 3 Vettori de Septem Dormientibus p. 50
times used : see AEMit. 1895 p. 213. is his authority.

2 Kirchhoff against the copies of Pit- ' On the name see no. 367.
takis and Le Bas reads evp.oi[puJ.