DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4680#0348
1. GEOGRAPHY OF THE GLAUKOS VALLEY. 679
discovering the signature of bishop Paul, these five names were
selected as being a separate group1: Eukarpia, Hierapolis, Otrous,
Stektorion, Brouzos. Thereafter Hierocles crosses the mountains
E. to Synnada2.
A late Byzantine name Zapa.Tra.Ta MvXcovos is mentioned by Nicetas
in the Pentapolis. This is interpreted in § 9 as a grecized form of the
name Hissar-Abad, Place-of-the-Castle, showing that already in 1158
the Castle of Sandykli was the chief place in the valley. The name
MvXcou is obscure, perhaps it was the original Greek name of the
locality where the Castle was built.
Sandykli seems to be a purely modern (i.e. mediaeval) foundation.
Hamilton observed that it' has no appearance of being the site of an
ancient city.' It probably arose in the later Byzantine period; and,
if the latest Notitiae Episcopatuum were descriptions of the real state
of the country instead of being little better than antiquarian survivals
from preceding centuries, we should probably find that several of the
bishoprics of the Pentapolis had disappeared, and that one of them
had the additional form -qroi ZapaTrdraiu, implying that Hissar-Abad
had become the actual residence of the bishop who bore the title of
one of the old cities.
In the Sandykli valley it is noteworthy that the ancient cities
occupy situations in the hollow, low-lying, but most fertile parts,
whereas the modern city is planted on the higher land, towards the
opposite (E.) side of the valley. The modern situation is the most
healthy, the most defensible, and closest to the source of the water
supply. The ancient sites are closest to the sources of wealth, viz.
the lines of road and the fertile lands; and superior engineering
skill brought to them a good supply of water from the springs on
the hills to E. In the Ishekli district, likewise, the three ancient
cities were clustered together at one side of the valley.
§ 3. Hiekopolis on Hierapolis is fixed at Kotch-Hissar by its
proximity to the hot-springs (Therma, Hidja), which are about a miles
1 BCH 1882 p. 503. the territory of Aeolic Aigai (see inscr.
2 M. Radet identifies the Pentademi- in S.Reinaeh Chroniques d'Orient p. 711).
tai of Ptolemy V 2, 15, with the inha- Groups of cities were often called by
bitants of the Pentapolis; but it is such names: e.g. the Hexapolis of
obvious that Ptolemy is there describing Bithynia in the signature of Callinicus
the demoi of the western lands of the bishop of Apameia at Chalcedon (Actio
province Asia, and only in V 2, 27, does III), the Hexapolis of Phrygia Hist.
he enumerate the demoi of Phrygia Geogr.-p. 142, the Pentapolis of Ravenna
Magna. The Olympenoi who are men- Theophanes p. 357, with many more
tioned in V 2, 15, cannot of course be familiar cases.
placed in Bithynia. They bordered on
discovering the signature of bishop Paul, these five names were
selected as being a separate group1: Eukarpia, Hierapolis, Otrous,
Stektorion, Brouzos. Thereafter Hierocles crosses the mountains
E. to Synnada2.
A late Byzantine name Zapa.Tra.Ta MvXcovos is mentioned by Nicetas
in the Pentapolis. This is interpreted in § 9 as a grecized form of the
name Hissar-Abad, Place-of-the-Castle, showing that already in 1158
the Castle of Sandykli was the chief place in the valley. The name
MvXcou is obscure, perhaps it was the original Greek name of the
locality where the Castle was built.
Sandykli seems to be a purely modern (i.e. mediaeval) foundation.
Hamilton observed that it' has no appearance of being the site of an
ancient city.' It probably arose in the later Byzantine period; and,
if the latest Notitiae Episcopatuum were descriptions of the real state
of the country instead of being little better than antiquarian survivals
from preceding centuries, we should probably find that several of the
bishoprics of the Pentapolis had disappeared, and that one of them
had the additional form -qroi ZapaTrdraiu, implying that Hissar-Abad
had become the actual residence of the bishop who bore the title of
one of the old cities.
In the Sandykli valley it is noteworthy that the ancient cities
occupy situations in the hollow, low-lying, but most fertile parts,
whereas the modern city is planted on the higher land, towards the
opposite (E.) side of the valley. The modern situation is the most
healthy, the most defensible, and closest to the source of the water
supply. The ancient sites are closest to the sources of wealth, viz.
the lines of road and the fertile lands; and superior engineering
skill brought to them a good supply of water from the springs on
the hills to E. In the Ishekli district, likewise, the three ancient
cities were clustered together at one side of the valley.
§ 3. Hiekopolis on Hierapolis is fixed at Kotch-Hissar by its
proximity to the hot-springs (Therma, Hidja), which are about a miles
1 BCH 1882 p. 503. the territory of Aeolic Aigai (see inscr.
2 M. Radet identifies the Pentademi- in S.Reinaeh Chroniques d'Orient p. 711).
tai of Ptolemy V 2, 15, with the inha- Groups of cities were often called by
bitants of the Pentapolis; but it is such names: e.g. the Hexapolis of
obvious that Ptolemy is there describing Bithynia in the signature of Callinicus
the demoi of the western lands of the bishop of Apameia at Chalcedon (Actio
province Asia, and only in V 2, 27, does III), the Hexapolis of Phrygia Hist.
he enumerate the demoi of Phrygia Geogr.-p. 142, the Pentapolis of Ravenna
Magna. The Olympenoi who are men- Theophanes p. 357, with many more
tioned in V 2, 15, cannot of course be familiar cases.
placed in Bithynia. They bordered on