Shakespear, John: A grammar of the Hindustani language (London, 1826)

52

A GRAMMAR OF TFIE

The Imperative.

The imperative for the second person singular is the
mere root of the verb; and, for the other persons, it is
tlie same as the future indefinite or aorist before described;

9 G p

so, ^ let me order, i hring (thou), ji hring (ye), y
give not, jf let them make ready.

Hesptctful or precative forms of the Future and Imperative.

28. But, respectful or precative forms of the future
and imperative are, moreover, obtained by adding to the
root of a verb (iye) or f {iyo) ; or, if the root ends irr
f (?) or 3\ (o), most commonly ^ (je) (jiye) y>. (jo)
or^ (jiyo): the termination or ^ or however, is

c

generally used with T or some other like

term of respect, expressed or understood, by way of
honour to the person addressed ; and, it is often adopted
impersonally; or rather, perhaps, it may be understood
in the plural without limitation as to person, like as the
first person plural is often applied in English; whilst
or y>. or ^ is used with both the second and third per-
sons of either number, in a precative or future meaning,
and in either a good or bad sense, as the context may
denote: so, <_*=sJ ;>T ^ he pleased,

sir, to take thisfruit and to give me some wealth ;

y when we die then we escape from the