Shakespear, John: A grammar of the Hindustani language (London, 1826)

HINDUSTANI LANGUAGE.

53

G ,

trouble of the world; UjT pray take a tnal; J \j~<

jpsj may my friend remain m safety; JJ may you be

happy; ff may you die; ^^jbW- we should desire. Before

these terminations the roots J ^ usually become

: and to the respectful form in J &c., the

future sign \f is in some instances subjoined ; as, l£~tbj cJT

you, sir, will be pleased to remain, or c-M you, sir, will

be pleased to take.

Transitive and Causal Verbs.

29- Transitive verbs are formed frora intransitives, or

causals from transitives, in many cases, by the addition

of T (d) or h (wa) and sometimes j! (o) to the root; but,

when these affixes are adopted, the vowel of the primi-

tive root, if long, is frequently shortened before them; so,

UL. to burn (transitively), to cause to be burnt, from
° ... 9

U>- to burn. (intransitively); liL to call, \j\J to cause to be
called, from to speak; [yj> to drown from to be
drowned; [f# to wet, to steep, from to be wet; and, if
the primitive root ends in T (a) J\ (?) J\ (e) or }\ (o), the
letter J is to be inserted before the causal signs, and the
vowel of the root is shortened; so, and [\)f to feed or

G

cause to eat from to eat, bib and bljb to give or cause to

* and yj occur, though but very rarely.