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18

A GRAMMAR OF THE

well as in some Persian words, too, the letter ^ imme-
diatelj following an alif takes, like the hamza-i-mu-
laiyana to be noticed in theAppendix, thesoundofl or
kasr only ; so, in ^T-W (kci il) and in jjUjT 3TT^rPOT
(dzmaish).

j 'ST5! an,
* I/I in,
un,

f as the respective vowels with the sound of u
( (*T) superadded.

We may further remark that, in certain Arabic words,
\ (alif) is sounded though not written ; and, in some
instances, it is represented by another letter; but, in such
cases, the actual sound had best be attended to in the
Nagari and Roman characters: so, Ai (allah) god,

iyU TTT^TrT (saldt) prayer.

CHAPTER III.

On ihe Noun.

o

1. The Arabic term name, noun, is applied by t.he
Muhaminadans not only to nouns suhstantive, nouns adjec-
tive, and nouns of number, but to the pronouns as well as to
the past and present participles : for Europeans, however,
the divisions and tenns of grammar, to which they are
accustomed, may prove most convenient, and will there-
 
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