DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4264#0014
4'
.i
EXPLANATION
( "&""
THE PLAN OF THE ACROPOLIS.
a. A little gate lying north of the Acropolis : it is the entrance to a kind of outwork, through
which it was necessary to pass before we came to the Propylaea, and got up into the fortress.
b. A small fort facing that gate.
c. c. c. The wall of the outwork rudely built, and of little strength, but with a number of
small apertures in it, evidently left, that the garrison might discharge their musketry through them
on the enemy in case of an attack. This wall is continued till it joins another, reaching from the
fortress to the theatre of Bacchus.
d. Another little fort.
e. A grotto directly under the Temple of Victory without wings3. This is probably the
Grotto of Apollo and Creiisa; and in it were the Temples'5 of Apollo and Pan0. Just before it, is a
a The north wing of the Propylaeum, now supposed to have
been the edifice, decorated with the paintings of Polygnotus. Vide
Chap. V. of Vol. II. D™.]
b KaTaSWi $£ [jk T»)s «xpo7ro'/Vwb-] ovv. e\- vm y.a.ru TToAil', aXA oaov
vtto to- npOTT'jXccicL, Trriyy T£ vSa-lo; eo-T(, y.ui irhfiaUv 'Atto/\/\wi<o; Ugov sv
trm^alu, y.a) Ucaot;. Kpsovtrji SI Dvyarpi 'Ejs^fSsa; 'AotWuwk f »TaMa
crvyyEi!<rQai vopitpvo-i. Pausan. Attic. C. XXVIII. P. 68.
' Descending [from the Acropolis] not into the lower city, hut
a little under the Propylaea, there is a spring of water, and near
it the Temple of Apollo in a cavern, and of Pan. There they
report Apollo to have prevailed over Creiisa the daughter of
Erechtheus.'
c There is no doubt of the cavern here pointed out being the
identical sanctuary of Apollo and of Pan, described by Pausanias.
This grotto is a natural formation, improved by art; it is about
twenty feet wide, and nearly of the same height, and twelve feet
in depth ; it is adjacent to a descent from the Acropolis at the
northern end of the platform in front of the Propylaea, and
steps cut in the rock still remain, and possibly mark the route
of the return of Pausanias towards the lower city. On the op-
posite or eastern side of this cavern, very little distant, Mr.
Dodwell discovered also eight steps hewn in tire rock, which he
supposes might possibly indicate an ancient entrance to the
Acropolis, previous to the erection of the Propylaea by Pericles,
but it was more probably a way to a postern gate, or to some mo-
nument beneath the wall. By Lucian, the god was said to inha-
bit a cave, beneath the Pelasgic Wall, no rov IlEXa.o-yiy.ov; with
which the site here specified coincides; and also with that called
' Makrai Petrai' (long rocks), by Euripides, either, as large masses
of detached rock are not far distant, or, as the rocks themselves
of the Acropolis here present an appearance corresponding with
the epithet ^ax.f«i.
K. -------- Oio-Bu. K.Ey.c07Ti'a.s 7T=Tp«s,
Tlfoo-looppoti ccvTfov, a<; Mosxpoi? yiH\yo*xopEv ',
n. Cio , £*6ot Wa-voq aSvTc, yal @coy.o\ 7rixaq.
Ion, V. 93(5.
Cre. "------the northward's pointing cave thou knowest,
And the Cccropian rocks, which we call Macrai.
Pad. Where stands a shrine to Pan and altars nigh." P.
On the reverse of two Athenian coins, one of which is in the
British Museum, and the other in the library at Paris, repre-
sented at Plate XVII. Fig. 19, of this volume, a view of the
Acropolis is indicated, and a cavern occupies a situation in re-
lation to the Propylaea, and the steps marked on the medal, such
as the cave here found, docs to those objects in reality. It is in-
troduced conspicuously on the coin, no doubt from its then ac-
knowledged sanctity. It would appear by that representation,
that no architectural ornament was applied to the front of the ca-
vern, but it is highly probable that some enclosure was adapted to
the approach of this adytum; and traces may be observed of some
structure of the lower age, possibly of a Greek church, rejilacing
an original screen before the shrine. Within the cave are two
recesses supposed to have been made for statues, one larger than
the other, and square sinkings have been also cut in the rock for
the insertion of votive tablets. In a garden beneath this grot a
marble statue of Pan was recently found, of a size to suit the
recess, as was also the trunk of a statue of Apollo, which was
brought to England by the late Dr. E. D. Clarke, and deposited
in the public library at Cambridge. This statue of the early
Attic school, is supposed, from its formation, to have borne a
trophy on the head of it, as described by Lucian, commemorative
of the promised aid that divinity of groundless terror, from him
called panic, is reported to have afforded the Athenians in the
Marathonian triumph, which is mentioned by Pausanias, and
also by Herodotus, who says the Athenians on that occasion
raised a shrine to Pan, under the Acropolis: tS^ia-coro im vn
'Ax£07r»Ai Ili2»; ijw. The gratitude of the Athenians to this
Divinity, is also alluded to on the helmet of Minerva, in the
coin of Marathon represented in the title to this Volume ;
and, it is recorded in the Anthologia, by an epigrammatic in-
scription, that Miltiades caused a statue of Pan, which was of
Parian marble, to be placed beneath the citadel.
Top Taccyoirouv, e^e Tluvctj Toy 'Acyccoa, Toy Kara. Mijo&'y
Toy {aev 'Aftwcc'iuv, crrticraro MiA-nadij?.
Simonidis. Antho. Lib. IV. Ep. LXXXV.
et alteram Ep. LXXXVI.
' Here Miltiades placed me, Pan, the goat-footed god of Arcadia,
who warred with the Athenians against the Modes.'
This grotto which was celebrated in Athenian story, as the
place where Apollo obtained the love of Creiisa and for the birth
of Ion, is now almost equally deserted and inaccessible as at the
.i
EXPLANATION
( "&""
THE PLAN OF THE ACROPOLIS.
a. A little gate lying north of the Acropolis : it is the entrance to a kind of outwork, through
which it was necessary to pass before we came to the Propylaea, and got up into the fortress.
b. A small fort facing that gate.
c. c. c. The wall of the outwork rudely built, and of little strength, but with a number of
small apertures in it, evidently left, that the garrison might discharge their musketry through them
on the enemy in case of an attack. This wall is continued till it joins another, reaching from the
fortress to the theatre of Bacchus.
d. Another little fort.
e. A grotto directly under the Temple of Victory without wings3. This is probably the
Grotto of Apollo and Creiisa; and in it were the Temples'5 of Apollo and Pan0. Just before it, is a
a The north wing of the Propylaeum, now supposed to have
been the edifice, decorated with the paintings of Polygnotus. Vide
Chap. V. of Vol. II. D™.]
b KaTaSWi $£ [jk T»)s «xpo7ro'/Vwb-] ovv. e\- vm y.a.ru TToAil', aXA oaov
vtto to- npOTT'jXccicL, Trriyy T£ vSa-lo; eo-T(, y.ui irhfiaUv 'Atto/\/\wi<o; Ugov sv
trm^alu, y.a) Ucaot;. Kpsovtrji SI Dvyarpi 'Ejs^fSsa; 'AotWuwk f »TaMa
crvyyEi!<rQai vopitpvo-i. Pausan. Attic. C. XXVIII. P. 68.
' Descending [from the Acropolis] not into the lower city, hut
a little under the Propylaea, there is a spring of water, and near
it the Temple of Apollo in a cavern, and of Pan. There they
report Apollo to have prevailed over Creiisa the daughter of
Erechtheus.'
c There is no doubt of the cavern here pointed out being the
identical sanctuary of Apollo and of Pan, described by Pausanias.
This grotto is a natural formation, improved by art; it is about
twenty feet wide, and nearly of the same height, and twelve feet
in depth ; it is adjacent to a descent from the Acropolis at the
northern end of the platform in front of the Propylaea, and
steps cut in the rock still remain, and possibly mark the route
of the return of Pausanias towards the lower city. On the op-
posite or eastern side of this cavern, very little distant, Mr.
Dodwell discovered also eight steps hewn in tire rock, which he
supposes might possibly indicate an ancient entrance to the
Acropolis, previous to the erection of the Propylaea by Pericles,
but it was more probably a way to a postern gate, or to some mo-
nument beneath the wall. By Lucian, the god was said to inha-
bit a cave, beneath the Pelasgic Wall, no rov IlEXa.o-yiy.ov; with
which the site here specified coincides; and also with that called
' Makrai Petrai' (long rocks), by Euripides, either, as large masses
of detached rock are not far distant, or, as the rocks themselves
of the Acropolis here present an appearance corresponding with
the epithet ^ax.f«i.
K. -------- Oio-Bu. K.Ey.c07Ti'a.s 7T=Tp«s,
Tlfoo-looppoti ccvTfov, a<; Mosxpoi? yiH\yo*xopEv ',
n. Cio , £*6ot Wa-voq aSvTc, yal @coy.o\ 7rixaq.
Ion, V. 93(5.
Cre. "------the northward's pointing cave thou knowest,
And the Cccropian rocks, which we call Macrai.
Pad. Where stands a shrine to Pan and altars nigh." P.
On the reverse of two Athenian coins, one of which is in the
British Museum, and the other in the library at Paris, repre-
sented at Plate XVII. Fig. 19, of this volume, a view of the
Acropolis is indicated, and a cavern occupies a situation in re-
lation to the Propylaea, and the steps marked on the medal, such
as the cave here found, docs to those objects in reality. It is in-
troduced conspicuously on the coin, no doubt from its then ac-
knowledged sanctity. It would appear by that representation,
that no architectural ornament was applied to the front of the ca-
vern, but it is highly probable that some enclosure was adapted to
the approach of this adytum; and traces may be observed of some
structure of the lower age, possibly of a Greek church, rejilacing
an original screen before the shrine. Within the cave are two
recesses supposed to have been made for statues, one larger than
the other, and square sinkings have been also cut in the rock for
the insertion of votive tablets. In a garden beneath this grot a
marble statue of Pan was recently found, of a size to suit the
recess, as was also the trunk of a statue of Apollo, which was
brought to England by the late Dr. E. D. Clarke, and deposited
in the public library at Cambridge. This statue of the early
Attic school, is supposed, from its formation, to have borne a
trophy on the head of it, as described by Lucian, commemorative
of the promised aid that divinity of groundless terror, from him
called panic, is reported to have afforded the Athenians in the
Marathonian triumph, which is mentioned by Pausanias, and
also by Herodotus, who says the Athenians on that occasion
raised a shrine to Pan, under the Acropolis: tS^ia-coro im vn
'Ax£07r»Ai Ili2»; ijw. The gratitude of the Athenians to this
Divinity, is also alluded to on the helmet of Minerva, in the
coin of Marathon represented in the title to this Volume ;
and, it is recorded in the Anthologia, by an epigrammatic in-
scription, that Miltiades caused a statue of Pan, which was of
Parian marble, to be placed beneath the citadel.
Top Taccyoirouv, e^e Tluvctj Toy 'Acyccoa, Toy Kara. Mijo&'y
Toy {aev 'Aftwcc'iuv, crrticraro MiA-nadij?.
Simonidis. Antho. Lib. IV. Ep. LXXXV.
et alteram Ep. LXXXVI.
' Here Miltiades placed me, Pan, the goat-footed god of Arcadia,
who warred with the Athenians against the Modes.'
This grotto which was celebrated in Athenian story, as the
place where Apollo obtained the love of Creiisa and for the birth
of Ion, is now almost equally deserted and inaccessible as at the