Stuart, James; Revett, Nicholas: The antiquities of Athens (Band 2) (London, 1825)

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Paus. Attic a»H:
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OF THE PROPYLiEA.

103

described, but by the present road ; and of consequence the Propyleea, with the two contiguous build-
ings, were on their left hand, and a little Ionic temple, now utterly demolished, was on their right: this
last therefore they, adverting to the words of Pausanias already quoted in note a, page 102, mistook for
the Temple of Victory without wings % when it should rather seem to have been one of the buildings
noticed by Pausanias in his way from the Temple of iEsculapius to the Propylaea: for although the
present fortifications enclose the spot it stood on, it was not within the ancient walls of the Acropolisb,
but in the situation where Ulpian seems to place the temple of Aglaurosc. It has been adorned with
basso-relievos on the frieze, the remaining fragments of which are copied in Plate XLI. of this volume;
which at fig. 2, represents an encounter of armed men, in which several are slain, and the other, fig. 3,
represents the battle of the Athenians and the Amazons : in the first no particulars are expressed that
can enable us to decide what historical fact it refers to, though perhaps it may be the battle in which
Eumolpus and his son were slain. The subjects of these sculptures are such as we should not have
expected to find on a temple dedicated to a lady; but the story of Aglauros, as given by Ulpian, will
perhaps show them to have been ornaments not destitute of propriety in that place.

She was a heroine : for when the Athenians were engaged in an unsuccessful war, and the
oracle of Apollo pronounced, that if any one would freely suffer death for the prosperity of the city,
it should ensure success to their arms; on this, Aglauros voluntarily cast herself down the precipice,
on the brink of which this temple was afterwards erected to her honour, and generously gave her life

the sea, in the direction of ships arriving from Crete, while that of
the little Ionic temple was favourable to such an aspect: neither
had the chamber in the open southern wing, at all the character
of a temple. As to whether Pausanias, in the use of the terms
to the right, and to the left, meant to speak in relation to the
Propyleea itself, or to the spectator who viewed it; it appears
that the learned Meursius felt that he applied them to those
entering the Propylaea, by his adoption of the expression
" ingredientibus ad dextram " : and Colonel Leake on referring
to other passages of the Greek Topographer, where the words
It <>i^a, or h <ipi0Ts<>a are introduced, and comparing the route
of the author with the localities thus spoken of, draws this
conclusion. " I recollect only two instances where these words
seem to have relation, not to the right and left of the traveller's
route, but to the fronting of the place which Pausanias is de-
scribing : the one is at the Temple of Despcena, near Megalo-
polis ; the other at Phigalia (Arcad. C. 38. 41.); but in the
former instance the thread of his route had been interrupted
by a long description of the temple ; in the latter, he had arrived
at the end of his route, had occupied near three chapters with
the description of Phigalia, and proceeds immediately afterwards
to describe Pallantium, on the opposite side of Arcadia." It
would thus appear, by every probability, that the Temple of Vic-
tory on the right hand, sv h%ia, was an object on the traveller's
right on ascending the Propylaea; and when a monument is
known to have existed in such a position, of which the fragments
have the character of those of a temple, this construction of the
meaning of Pausanias seems to be confirmed. See Chandler's
Travels with Revett's Notes, 1826, p. 48; Meursii Cecropia,
C. VIII; Leake's Topog. p. 195. Note at (d), p. 106. [id.]

a " After we had passed this gate, we were quite within the
Acropolis, where the first thing we observed was a little temple
on our right hand, which we knew to be that dedicated to Vic-
tory without wings ; it is built of white marble, with one end
near the wall. It is not above fifteen feet long, and eight or
nine broad, but of white marble, with channeled pillars of the
Doric The should have said Ionic] order. The architrave [he
should have said frieze] has a basso-relievo on it of little figures
well cut." Wheler, p. 358.

Spon is more correct, when, speaking of this temple, he says
" Ce temple est d'ordre Ionique, avec de petites colonnes can-
nelees et la frise chargee d'un has relief de petites figures d'assez

1 When the correctness of the statement of the leading fact may be contro-
verted, any definite character given to the above preposition fif) attached by the
same author to the locality of a monument in connection with it, may be fairly
questioned when opposed to other inferences as to the site drawn from authors of
superior reputation.—See note" overleaf. [En-]

bonne main." He had before said, " Ce petit temple est done
celui que Pausanias appelle le Temple de la Victoire sansailes."
Spon, tome II. p. 80. Ed. 1724.

h This assertion seems to be deficient in precision, as will appear
on inspecting the plan, Plate XLII., shewing the continuation
of the Cimonian wall of the Acropolis up to the angle of the
platform, marked at D, on which stood the temple here spoken of.
At a right angle with this wall, nearly facing the west, is seen
also, the very ancient wall of gray lime-stone constituting
the substruction of this temple; it is about eighteen feet high,
and is surmounted by a cornice of marble. In this wall, as par-
ticularly indicated by Revett on the plan, are two original doors,
above the modern road, which afforded entrance to a grotto or
cavern beneath this temple: this cavern Colonel Leake infers
from several passages in Greek authors to have been the sanctuary
of Tellus and Ceres, the last object which Pausanias describes be-
fore entering the Acropolis. The preceding topographer is also of
opinion " that the ancient fortifications of the western end of the
Acropolis reached as low down as the modern outer gate", mean-
ing that over which is the inscription, probably near its original
situation, recording the donation of gates by F. S. Marcellinus,
near the site marked (m) in the plan of the Acropolis, PI. II. See
Leake's Topog. of Athens, pp. 173. 175. 188; Wheler's Travels,
p. 358. [ed.]

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TO TlpQiruXcua. TVs Axpo7rohtus.

Ulpianus in Demosth. de Falsa Legatione.

The learned Dr. Chandler (Travels in Greece, p. 40.) says,
that Wheler and Spon, not attending enough to the passage in
Pausanias he has quoted, and to which they refer, " have mistaken
one wing for the other, substituting the right and left of the
human body for the right and left of the Propyleea." But in this
the Doctor himself is mistaken ': it was the little Ionic temple
above mentioned which they mistook for the Temple of Victory
without wings; and the Propylaea, which some have called the
Arsenal of Lycurgus, Spon supposes to be the building adorned
with paintings ; Wheler indeed, after expressing his doubts on
that head, surmises that it was the Propylaea3.

2 See note b, p. 102.

3 " The towers on each side of the front, persuade me very much, that it was the
famous Propyleea.'' Wheler's Journey, p. 359. [En.]

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