Tools & tillage: a journal on the history of the implements of cultivation and other agricultural processes (3.1976/1979)

I IO

O. F. RAUM

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REVIEW/BUCHBESPRECHUNG

M. Tornberg: Aura ja des Varsinais - Suomessa
historiallisten lahteiden valossa (Der Ard, der Pflug
und die Egge, des Eigentlichen Finnland im Lichte
der historischen Quellen). Turun Yliopiston Kan-
satieteen Laitos, Monisteita 10, Turku 1974. 77
pages. Summary in German.
Using the evidence of testamentary inventories and
terminology this study of the ard, plough and har-
row examines the evidence from south-west Fin-
land for three periods, 1780-1810 (pre-industrial),
the turn of the 17-18th century, and the second half
of the 16th century. The term “plog” is widely used

from 1598 onwards but in a generalised sense so
that its application to a mould-board plough cannot
be taken for granted before the early 1700s unless a
qualifying term (vdltplog, vandplog) is used.
The iron-toothed harrow, the frame ard
(Hochard) with a coulter, and the ristle, date from
the second half of the 16th century.
At the beginning of the industrial period the
distribution of these innovations does not coincide
exactly with the most fertile or most intensively
cultivated areas, but are extensions of the distribu-
tion in Sweden and Satakunta.
Alexander Fenton