85
Bicjiafl b npoôJieMaTHKy cßsi seii aBCTpMHCKoň m ciobiihkoií /Kiiboiiiich na flocicax bo BTopoií
HSTBepTH 15 Beica
Ecjih 6m Han npaiujioct no,'ibiTO>Knri5 pesyjibTaTbi, k koto-
PblM Mbl npHLUJIM B Bonpoce O CBÍ13Í1X Hameí H aBCTpHHCKOM
Jkhbchíich na aocKax bo BTopoií hctbcpth 15 Beica, to mm motjih
6m ccfiopMy.TKpoBaTb hx cjieayioiHHM oópaaoM: na TeppnTopnn
3ana.’inoří CnoBaKnn coxpaHHJiocb 3HaHHTCJibHoe hhcjio npon3-
BeneniiH xhbohhch na flocKax, He npMHapjiexaiuMx jihiiib
b C(|)epy BJiHHHHS Bchckoh xchbouhchoh ujKOJibi, a npsMO b ee
Kpyr.
K paBHO H3BCCTHMM flOCKaM H3 flOBaXbil H EpaTHCJiaBbl
b nocjieflHee BpeMs npn6aBH.nncb npoHTBC/iCHMíi jkmbohhch
H3 TjioroBpa. Bce ohh hc tojimco BbipacraJiH n3 Bchckoh
äheohmchch uiKCjibi, ho no CBcefi cTMjieBoií CTpyKType cocTaB-
-Tíiiot 3BCH0 ee bbojuouhohhoto pHTMa. Ecjih noBaxcKwc jiockh
«BjiaioTca npsMbiMH TBopenHííMH MacTepa AnapecBCKOro
aJiTapa, hjih xe MacTepa PacnaTns H3 JInHiia, cjiefloBaiejibHO
npoM3BefleHHSMH peKOHCTpynpoBaHHOro bchckoto xyziojKiriira,
to SpaTHCJiaBCKne h rjioroBeiiKHe paóoTM Heni/wi npHnncaTb
pyKe hh o/iHoro H3 no chx nop hbbccthbix bchckhx MacTepoB.
Tax KaK hctohhhkom MCKyccTBa MacTepa AHapeeBCKoro aji-
Tapsi ßbiJi Maciep >I(epTBonpnHOLueiiHH, to toto xe MacTepa
M0XH0 CHHTaTb yHHTCJICM rXOrOBCtlKOM xhboiimch. Xoth oh
h npHHHJi TaKiKC jipyriie HMnyjibCbi, rjiaBHMM oGpaaoM ot
MJia/jmero hokojichh», Bce xe oh caMUM tcchchiiihm o6pa30M
CBHiaH HMCHHO C MaCTepOM JKepTBOnpHHOlneHM, TBOpaeCTBO
KOTOPOTO MOXHO CHHTaTb HCXO/JHBIM nyHKTOM XVJJOXCCTBeH-
HOH H CTHJICBOH CTpyKTypM TJIOFOBeiXKHX ÄOCOK. CBH3H,
KOTopbie npocjiexHBaioTca b rjioroBeiiKOH xhbohhch c npon3-
BejjeHHííMH, M.iapiuero hokojichh», rjiaBHMM o6pa3OM c TBop-
hcctbom MacTepa Aiippeejicuoro a Jíra pa, — 3to cxoactbo KaK
no BpeMeHH, TaK n BbiTeKaiomee H3 opHHaKOBOro cthjicboio
ncTOHHHKa o6ohx aBTopoB — H3 TBopnecTBa MacTepa >KC' tbo-
npHHomeHH«. HoaTOMy aBTopa rjiot OBCitKOÍi xhbohhch moucho
CHHTaTb MJiaHHIHM, HCM 6bUI MaCTep XepTBOnpHHOJHCHHH, HO
HeMHoro cTapiiiHM, hcm 6mji MacTep AappeeBCKoro aaiTapa,
hjih, no KpaiiHeH Mepe, 3a xypoxHHKa Gojiee KOHcepBaTHBHoro.
Ho H TaK BaXHO, 3flecb MOÄHO TOBOpHTb O HCKOTOpMX CXOfl-
CTBax. KapTHHM cTpacTeíí Xphctobmx h3 kopuckiihh Bhko-
BHxa, npHHHCMBaeMbie MacTepy AipipecBCKoro aJiiap», npo-
hcxojjíit H3 toíí xe oÔJiacTH, KaK m rjioroBeijKHe jjockh — H3
nOBaXBH.
B paBHOií Mepe h kohcmumíí hctohhhk GpaTHCJiaBCKHx aocoK
MOXHO BHJICTb B TBOpHCCTBC MaCTepa >l<epTB0npHH01IICHHH.
Ho peinarouine HMny.TbCbi hx aBTop nepenajr ot MacTepa
PacnaTHH H3 Jlnnua. Cbítih c sthm Bi>i,aaionjMMCíi MacTepoM,
n npcjK/je Bcero c ero bcjihkhm PacnarneM H3 JInHpa, iieaa-
bhchmo ot toto, mojkho jih ero oToxpecTBMTb c MacTepoM
aapCTBCHHOH KapTHHM H3 Cb. JlaMÖpeXTa HJIH HeT, CBHflCTejIb-
CTByioT iipex/ie Bcero o ripiiHa/mejKuocTH 6paTncnaBCKHx
JJOCOK K ĎOJiee MOJTOZIOMV TCBCHHIO, K BCHCKOH JKUBOIIHCH co-
POKOBbix roflOB 15 BeKa. TaK mojkho o6t>schhtb h hsbccthoc
cXOflCTBO ĎpaTHCJiaBCKOií XMBOrtHCH C paHHHMH paÖOTaMH
MacTepa AnjipeeBCKoro aJiTapa, a hmchho c ynoMHHaeMbiMH
BOCKaMH H3 FIoBaJKbíL He 6e3MHTepeceH h tot c[>aKi, mto
MacTep AHflpeeBCKoro a.Trapa nnor,aa saMenaeTca c MacTepoM
PacnaTHH H3 JlHHpa (npexfle Bcero sto Kacaerca noBaxccKHx
ÆOCOk), CJie/IOBaTeJIbHO c XyjJOJKHHKOM, C TBOpneCTBOM KOTO-
poro GpaTHCJiaBCKiie jiocku hmciot 3HaHHTejibHoe cxopctbo.
OieBHflHO, flejio TyT b obchb cjiojkhbix, B3aHMH0 nepenjieraio-
iHHxca CIM3Í1X, — ho nycTb hx ouenKa JiioGaa, Kaperen, hto
6paTHCJiaBCKHe aockh othocbtc« k TOMy TeMenmo, KOTopoe
eme rjiyóoKO bo btopoh «leTBepru 15 p,CKa jibHyjio k CTapbiM
CTHJieBbíM npHHunnaM h KOTopoe HOBbie npoGjieMBi nosflHe-
roTHHecKoro ctiijui pemajio crapwMH cpepcTBaMH. Ecjih 6pa-
THCJiaBCKaa XHBOnHCb jiHHeapncTHHecKHM MaHbepH3M0M yKa-
3biBaeT Ha bcjihkob PacnaTne H3 JlHHna, to c npyrofi ctopohm
B Heß MOJKHO HaňTH TalOKC HCKOTOpce CXOflCTBO C TBOpTCCTBOM
MacTepa (hjih MacTepos) H3 3aMKa JInxTeHiinciÍH. Ohh ctoht
na nopore jioMaHHoro cthjih. Ban/iy hx TpaflHUH0HaJiH3Ma ecTb
ocHOBaHHH npezinojiaraTb, hto hx aBTop npHHafljieacaji k CTap-
meMy noKOJieHHio, hcm MacTep H3 3aMKa JlHXTemHTeiíH.
nepBOHanajibHO aBTopy GpaTHCJiaBCKHx jiocok rpnimcbiBa-
jiHCb KaK ero panHne paGoTM Taxace rpn pockh h3 HeMeuKOii
nacTHOH KOJuieKpHH. Op Ha ko npn cpaBHeHHH 6mjio oßnapyaceHO,
HTO flOCKH HMeKJT HenOCpe.TCTBeHHVIO CBS3b HMCHHO c rjioro-
BCHKHMH flOCKaMH, H TaKOTO pOfla, HTO HX MOXCHO npHHHCaTb
oflHoií h tom xe pyKe xyaoxHHKa, naxe, BepoaTHO, n k cobmcct-
HOMy co3jianmo ajirapa. Ho e npyroň ctopohm cpaBHeHne bcjio
k Heo6xoflHMOCTH npoBepHTb flo chx nop cyinecTByiomee
oTOÄflecTBJieHHe aBTopa GpaTHCJiaBCKHx žiocok c aBTopoM
fíOCOK H3 HCMeiIKOM HaCTHOM KOJIJieKHHH. Ha OCHOBaHHH 3T0H
npoBepKH KaxceTca, hto HecMOTpa Ha 3HaHHTeJibHoe cxoactbo
Mexcny GpaTHCJiaBCKOH h rjioroBepKoij ähbohhcbio, Gy/ier
Bepnee cHHTaTb, hto mbi HMeeM pěno c pByxiít oT/iejibHMMH
XyflOJKeCTBeHHblMM JIHHHOCTHMM, a Ke C pa3BHTHCM OflHOrO
xy/ioJKHMKa. Bce xe cbs3h Meacfly hhmh cojiee y3Kne, HexejiH
HX CBÍ13H C OCTaJIbHMMH npOH3BefleHHBMH BCHCKCli XMECnnCH,
ecJiH h ne b CMbicjie CTHjiesoro noHiíMaiiHs (sjjecb npoH3oiuJio
CMeipeHHe, BM3BaHHoe MJiapuiHM BpeMeHeM boshukhobchh»
GpaTHCJiaBCKHx aocok), to KacaTejibHO 3H3kob aBTopa hjih
MacTepcKOií. 3to npnBCno Hae k rnnoTcae, hto aBTop Gpa-
THCJiaBCKHX H aBTOp rJIOrOBeiJKHX JIOCOK BepOSTHO pa60TaJIH
C0BMCCTH0 B OpHOií MaCTepCKOM.
Xonfl no/uiHHHoe nponcxox/jenne sthx npOHSBepeiiMii ne
ycTaHOBJíeHO tohho, GpocaeTcx b rjiaaa, hto hmchho npoH3-
BCACHHH, KOTopbie oGnapyjKHBaiOT MCŤKpy eoGoií 3HaHHTCJIb-
hmc CBH3H, npoHCXOflsT c tom xc TeppHTopMH — SanapHoň
CjIOBaKHH. 3t0 OTHOCHTCH He TOJlbKO K CBJI3Í1M MejKJiy Gpa-
THCJiaBCKHMM H rJlOrOBCUKMMJI A0CK3MH, HO PO H3BCCTH0H
CTeneHH raioKe tobopht o hx cbíisu c IIOBaaœeM. Y Bcex
H3 HHX OKOHHaTejlbHblM HCTOHHHK B HCKyCCTBC MaCTCpa XcpT-
BonpHHOineHHH, ho othochtch ohh k 6oJiee Mojiopowy noKO-
J1CHHIO H nepeHHJlH HOBLIC HMnyjIbCbl. 3Ta B3aHM0CBB3b
BBHfly nopa3HTejiBHO 6jih3kofo reorpatjiHHCCKoro MCCTa Ha-
xoflKH HCCJicflyeMbix npOHBBepcHHÍi npHBCJia Hac k rnnoTeae,
Bicjiafl b npoôJieMaTHKy cßsi seii aBCTpMHCKoň m ciobiihkoií /Kiiboiiiich na flocicax bo BTopoií
HSTBepTH 15 Beica
Ecjih 6m Han npaiujioct no,'ibiTO>Knri5 pesyjibTaTbi, k koto-
PblM Mbl npHLUJIM B Bonpoce O CBÍ13Í1X Hameí H aBCTpHHCKOM
Jkhbchíich na aocKax bo BTopoií hctbcpth 15 Beica, to mm motjih
6m ccfiopMy.TKpoBaTb hx cjieayioiHHM oópaaoM: na TeppnTopnn
3ana.’inoří CnoBaKnn coxpaHHJiocb 3HaHHTCJibHoe hhcjio npon3-
BeneniiH xhbohhch na flocKax, He npMHapjiexaiuMx jihiiib
b C(|)epy BJiHHHHS Bchckoh xchbouhchoh ujKOJibi, a npsMO b ee
Kpyr.
K paBHO H3BCCTHMM flOCKaM H3 flOBaXbil H EpaTHCJiaBbl
b nocjieflHee BpeMs npn6aBH.nncb npoHTBC/iCHMíi jkmbohhch
H3 TjioroBpa. Bce ohh hc tojimco BbipacraJiH n3 Bchckoh
äheohmchch uiKCjibi, ho no CBcefi cTMjieBoií CTpyKType cocTaB-
-Tíiiot 3BCH0 ee bbojuouhohhoto pHTMa. Ecjih noBaxcKwc jiockh
«BjiaioTca npsMbiMH TBopenHííMH MacTepa AnapecBCKOro
aJiTapa, hjih xe MacTepa PacnaTns H3 JInHiia, cjiefloBaiejibHO
npoM3BefleHHSMH peKOHCTpynpoBaHHOro bchckoto xyziojKiriira,
to SpaTHCJiaBCKne h rjioroBeiiKHe paóoTM Heni/wi npHnncaTb
pyKe hh o/iHoro H3 no chx nop hbbccthbix bchckhx MacTepoB.
Tax KaK hctohhhkom MCKyccTBa MacTepa AHapeeBCKoro aji-
Tapsi ßbiJi Maciep >I(epTBonpnHOLueiiHH, to toto xe MacTepa
M0XH0 CHHTaTb yHHTCJICM rXOrOBCtlKOM xhboiimch. Xoth oh
h npHHHJi TaKiKC jipyriie HMnyjibCbi, rjiaBHMM oGpaaoM ot
MJia/jmero hokojichh», Bce xe oh caMUM tcchchiiihm o6pa30M
CBHiaH HMCHHO C MaCTepOM JKepTBOnpHHOlneHM, TBOpaeCTBO
KOTOPOTO MOXHO CHHTaTb HCXO/JHBIM nyHKTOM XVJJOXCCTBeH-
HOH H CTHJICBOH CTpyKTypM TJIOFOBeiXKHX ÄOCOK. CBH3H,
KOTopbie npocjiexHBaioTca b rjioroBeiiKOH xhbohhch c npon3-
BejjeHHííMH, M.iapiuero hokojichh», rjiaBHMM o6pa3OM c TBop-
hcctbom MacTepa Aiippeejicuoro a Jíra pa, — 3to cxoactbo KaK
no BpeMeHH, TaK n BbiTeKaiomee H3 opHHaKOBOro cthjicboio
ncTOHHHKa o6ohx aBTopoB — H3 TBopnecTBa MacTepa >KC' tbo-
npHHomeHH«. HoaTOMy aBTopa rjiot OBCitKOÍi xhbohhch moucho
CHHTaTb MJiaHHIHM, HCM 6bUI MaCTep XepTBOnpHHOJHCHHH, HO
HeMHoro cTapiiiHM, hcm 6mji MacTep AappeeBCKoro aaiTapa,
hjih, no KpaiiHeH Mepe, 3a xypoxHHKa Gojiee KOHcepBaTHBHoro.
Ho H TaK BaXHO, 3flecb MOÄHO TOBOpHTb O HCKOTOpMX CXOfl-
CTBax. KapTHHM cTpacTeíí Xphctobmx h3 kopuckiihh Bhko-
BHxa, npHHHCMBaeMbie MacTepy AipipecBCKoro aJiiap», npo-
hcxojjíit H3 toíí xe oÔJiacTH, KaK m rjioroBeijKHe jjockh — H3
nOBaXBH.
B paBHOií Mepe h kohcmumíí hctohhhk GpaTHCJiaBCKHx aocoK
MOXHO BHJICTb B TBOpHCCTBC MaCTepa >l<epTB0npHH01IICHHH.
Ho peinarouine HMny.TbCbi hx aBTop nepenajr ot MacTepa
PacnaTHH H3 Jlnnua. Cbítih c sthm Bi>i,aaionjMMCíi MacTepoM,
n npcjK/je Bcero c ero bcjihkhm PacnarneM H3 JInHpa, iieaa-
bhchmo ot toto, mojkho jih ero oToxpecTBMTb c MacTepoM
aapCTBCHHOH KapTHHM H3 Cb. JlaMÖpeXTa HJIH HeT, CBHflCTejIb-
CTByioT iipex/ie Bcero o ripiiHa/mejKuocTH 6paTncnaBCKHx
JJOCOK K ĎOJiee MOJTOZIOMV TCBCHHIO, K BCHCKOH JKUBOIIHCH co-
POKOBbix roflOB 15 BeKa. TaK mojkho o6t>schhtb h hsbccthoc
cXOflCTBO ĎpaTHCJiaBCKOií XMBOrtHCH C paHHHMH paÖOTaMH
MacTepa AnjipeeBCKoro aJiTapa, a hmchho c ynoMHHaeMbiMH
BOCKaMH H3 FIoBaJKbíL He 6e3MHTepeceH h tot c[>aKi, mto
MacTep AHflpeeBCKoro a.Trapa nnor,aa saMenaeTca c MacTepoM
PacnaTHH H3 JlHHpa (npexfle Bcero sto Kacaerca noBaxccKHx
ÆOCOk), CJie/IOBaTeJIbHO c XyjJOJKHHKOM, C TBOpneCTBOM KOTO-
poro GpaTHCJiaBCKiie jiocku hmciot 3HaHHTejibHoe cxopctbo.
OieBHflHO, flejio TyT b obchb cjiojkhbix, B3aHMH0 nepenjieraio-
iHHxca CIM3Í1X, — ho nycTb hx ouenKa JiioGaa, Kaperen, hto
6paTHCJiaBCKHe aockh othocbtc« k TOMy TeMenmo, KOTopoe
eme rjiyóoKO bo btopoh «leTBepru 15 p,CKa jibHyjio k CTapbiM
CTHJieBbíM npHHunnaM h KOTopoe HOBbie npoGjieMBi nosflHe-
roTHHecKoro ctiijui pemajio crapwMH cpepcTBaMH. Ecjih 6pa-
THCJiaBCKaa XHBOnHCb jiHHeapncTHHecKHM MaHbepH3M0M yKa-
3biBaeT Ha bcjihkob PacnaTne H3 JlHHna, to c npyrofi ctopohm
B Heß MOJKHO HaňTH TalOKC HCKOTOpce CXOflCTBO C TBOpTCCTBOM
MacTepa (hjih MacTepos) H3 3aMKa JInxTeHiinciÍH. Ohh ctoht
na nopore jioMaHHoro cthjih. Ban/iy hx TpaflHUH0HaJiH3Ma ecTb
ocHOBaHHH npezinojiaraTb, hto hx aBTop npHHafljieacaji k CTap-
meMy noKOJieHHio, hcm MacTep H3 3aMKa JlHXTemHTeiíH.
nepBOHanajibHO aBTopy GpaTHCJiaBCKHx jiocok rpnimcbiBa-
jiHCb KaK ero panHne paGoTM Taxace rpn pockh h3 HeMeuKOii
nacTHOH KOJuieKpHH. Op Ha ko npn cpaBHeHHH 6mjio oßnapyaceHO,
HTO flOCKH HMeKJT HenOCpe.TCTBeHHVIO CBS3b HMCHHO c rjioro-
BCHKHMH flOCKaMH, H TaKOTO pOfla, HTO HX MOXCHO npHHHCaTb
oflHoií h tom xe pyKe xyaoxHHKa, naxe, BepoaTHO, n k cobmcct-
HOMy co3jianmo ajirapa. Ho e npyroň ctopohm cpaBHeHne bcjio
k Heo6xoflHMOCTH npoBepHTb flo chx nop cyinecTByiomee
oTOÄflecTBJieHHe aBTopa GpaTHCJiaBCKHx žiocok c aBTopoM
fíOCOK H3 HCMeiIKOM HaCTHOM KOJIJieKHHH. Ha OCHOBaHHH 3T0H
npoBepKH KaxceTca, hto HecMOTpa Ha 3HaHHTeJibHoe cxoactbo
Mexcny GpaTHCJiaBCKOH h rjioroBepKoij ähbohhcbio, Gy/ier
Bepnee cHHTaTb, hto mbi HMeeM pěno c pByxiít oT/iejibHMMH
XyflOJKeCTBeHHblMM JIHHHOCTHMM, a Ke C pa3BHTHCM OflHOrO
xy/ioJKHMKa. Bce xe cbs3h Meacfly hhmh cojiee y3Kne, HexejiH
HX CBÍ13H C OCTaJIbHMMH npOH3BefleHHBMH BCHCKCli XMECnnCH,
ecJiH h ne b CMbicjie CTHjiesoro noHiíMaiiHs (sjjecb npoH3oiuJio
CMeipeHHe, BM3BaHHoe MJiapuiHM BpeMeHeM boshukhobchh»
GpaTHCJiaBCKHx aocok), to KacaTejibHO 3H3kob aBTopa hjih
MacTepcKOií. 3to npnBCno Hae k rnnoTcae, hto aBTop Gpa-
THCJiaBCKHX H aBTOp rJIOrOBeiJKHX JIOCOK BepOSTHO pa60TaJIH
C0BMCCTH0 B OpHOií MaCTepCKOM.
Xonfl no/uiHHHoe nponcxox/jenne sthx npOHSBepeiiMii ne
ycTaHOBJíeHO tohho, GpocaeTcx b rjiaaa, hto hmchho npoH3-
BCACHHH, KOTopbie oGnapyjKHBaiOT MCŤKpy eoGoií 3HaHHTCJIb-
hmc CBH3H, npoHCXOflsT c tom xc TeppHTopMH — SanapHoň
CjIOBaKHH. 3t0 OTHOCHTCH He TOJlbKO K CBJI3Í1M MejKJiy Gpa-
THCJiaBCKHMM H rJlOrOBCUKMMJI A0CK3MH, HO PO H3BCCTH0H
CTeneHH raioKe tobopht o hx cbíisu c IIOBaaœeM. Y Bcex
H3 HHX OKOHHaTejlbHblM HCTOHHHK B HCKyCCTBC MaCTCpa XcpT-
BonpHHOineHHH, ho othochtch ohh k 6oJiee Mojiopowy noKO-
J1CHHIO H nepeHHJlH HOBLIC HMnyjIbCbl. 3Ta B3aHM0CBB3b
BBHfly nopa3HTejiBHO 6jih3kofo reorpatjiHHCCKoro MCCTa Ha-
xoflKH HCCJicflyeMbix npOHBBepcHHÍi npHBCJia Hac k rnnoTeae,