Howard, Frank: The sketcher's manual: or, the whole art of picture making reduced to the simplest principles by which amateurs may instruct themselves without the aid of a master (London, 1841)

2 DEFINITION OF A PICTURE.

To constitute a picture as a production
possessing pictorial qualities, the subject must
be exhibited with accessories, or in light and
shadow adapted to display its beauties or its
character in a pleasing or a striking point of
view: in other words, under Pictorial Effect.

4

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Yet—though the representation of a single
object, without back-ground, does not constitute
a picture, any more than a single sound
constitutes music,—the object, or objects, and
back-ground must be so incorporated as to form
one thing—a picture.

Unity is indispensable to Pictorial Effect.