Howard, Frank: The sketcher's manual: or, the whole art of picture making reduced to the simplest principles by which amateurs may instruct themselves without the aid of a master (London, 1841)

56 PICTORIAL EFFECT.

he has published the results, I am not aware;
but the attention of the reader need only for
one instant be directed to the circumstances
under which a column is seen when the spectator
is close to it (viz., that he looks up vertically to
see the capital, and looks down vertically to see
the base), to be led to the conclusion that if ever
mad, Malton must have been mad before he
could have thought of discovering rules for
seeing in two opposite directions at the same
time; for, perspective is the science of repre-
senting what is seen, or the forms of objects as
presented to the eye.

The first principle of perspective, as applied to
a picture, is, that that only can be represented
which can be seen without moving the eye, or at
one and the same moment. If the eye be moved,
the representation will become a panorama.

Exactly opposite to the eye, and on a level
with it, is what is called the point of sight,
which regulates the whole of the effects of
perspective upon the objects in the drawing.

When these effects are explained, the means
of producing them will be found to be very simple.