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Artikuły / Articles
DOI Artikel:Zapolska, Anna: The solidus of Heraclius from Wargen in Sambia – reconsidered
DOI Seite / Zitierlink:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.43282#0178
ANNA ZAPOLSKA
the former village of Zophen, Kr. Wehlau;71 and probably also in graves VI and VIII
at Tumiany.72 These artefacts have been dated to the late stage of phase E and bear
traces of influence from the Danubian region. Although some analogical bits have
been recorded among Old Hungarian archaeological material dating from the 9*-l 0*
centuries, M. Rudnicki would rather identify them as artefacts of an earlier date,
linked to the Avar environment.73
Besides the buckles and bits, Avar origin is also attributed to some stirrups
known from Sambian-Natangian archaeological material. Pieces traced back
to this milieu were discovered in the former East Prussian villages of Kippiten,
Kr. Bartenstein (present-day Holmogoroe, Pravdinsk Raion), and Widitten, Kr.
Fischhausen (present-day Izevskoe, Primorsk Raion). The stirrup known from
Kippiten was dated to the 9* Century by B. von zur Mühlen,74 but due to the presence,
in this particular set, of a disc with counterparts in the Olsztyn and Elbląg groups,
M. Rudnicki shifts the dating back to the late stage of E2 and up to E3, i.e. from
the mid-6'h to the 7* Century.75 W. Nowakowski puts forward a similar chronology
for the stirrups known from graves 6/1938 and 7/1939 of Widitten, dating them to
the declining stage of the Migration Period.76 In spite of the fact that there have
been many more artefacts with Avar analogies in the Olsztyn and Elbląg groups,
no stirrups with such analogies have been found in these groups - their presence is
only typical for the lands of Sambia.77
Last but not least, counterparts to items from the Avar culture milieu can be
found in artefacts such as the broad tongue-shaped strap-end from grave no. 6 at
Kielary, Olsztyn County,78 and the open-work disc from the same burial ground.79
The first of these artefacts, the strap-end, is made of silver and finished with
a gold foil.80 It was recovered from a richly furnished grave that also contained
the foliowing: a bow brooch with five knobs, with connotations that are noticeably
derived from the Danubian and Black Sea regions; a Baltic Steigbügel rung brooch;
and beit Attings corresponding to pieces known from Gotland and Central Sweden.81
As opposed to tongue-shaped strap-ends, such objects are not rare in the Western
71 BITNER-WRÓBLEWSKA 2008: Plate CCXVII.
72 BARANOWSKI 1996: 95, 100, Figs. 19, 24.
73 RUDNICKI 2011: 121.
74 VON ZUR MÜHLEN 1975: 47.
75 RUDNICKI 2011: 121.
76 NOWAKOWSKI 2008: 196-203.
77 RUDNICKI 2011: 121.
78 BITNER-WRÓBLEWSKA 1999: 205-206.
79 RUDNICKI 2011.
80 BITNER-WRÓBLEWSKA 1999: 211, Fig. 3g.
81 Ibidem: 205.
the former village of Zophen, Kr. Wehlau;71 and probably also in graves VI and VIII
at Tumiany.72 These artefacts have been dated to the late stage of phase E and bear
traces of influence from the Danubian region. Although some analogical bits have
been recorded among Old Hungarian archaeological material dating from the 9*-l 0*
centuries, M. Rudnicki would rather identify them as artefacts of an earlier date,
linked to the Avar environment.73
Besides the buckles and bits, Avar origin is also attributed to some stirrups
known from Sambian-Natangian archaeological material. Pieces traced back
to this milieu were discovered in the former East Prussian villages of Kippiten,
Kr. Bartenstein (present-day Holmogoroe, Pravdinsk Raion), and Widitten, Kr.
Fischhausen (present-day Izevskoe, Primorsk Raion). The stirrup known from
Kippiten was dated to the 9* Century by B. von zur Mühlen,74 but due to the presence,
in this particular set, of a disc with counterparts in the Olsztyn and Elbląg groups,
M. Rudnicki shifts the dating back to the late stage of E2 and up to E3, i.e. from
the mid-6'h to the 7* Century.75 W. Nowakowski puts forward a similar chronology
for the stirrups known from graves 6/1938 and 7/1939 of Widitten, dating them to
the declining stage of the Migration Period.76 In spite of the fact that there have
been many more artefacts with Avar analogies in the Olsztyn and Elbląg groups,
no stirrups with such analogies have been found in these groups - their presence is
only typical for the lands of Sambia.77
Last but not least, counterparts to items from the Avar culture milieu can be
found in artefacts such as the broad tongue-shaped strap-end from grave no. 6 at
Kielary, Olsztyn County,78 and the open-work disc from the same burial ground.79
The first of these artefacts, the strap-end, is made of silver and finished with
a gold foil.80 It was recovered from a richly furnished grave that also contained
the foliowing: a bow brooch with five knobs, with connotations that are noticeably
derived from the Danubian and Black Sea regions; a Baltic Steigbügel rung brooch;
and beit Attings corresponding to pieces known from Gotland and Central Sweden.81
As opposed to tongue-shaped strap-ends, such objects are not rare in the Western
71 BITNER-WRÓBLEWSKA 2008: Plate CCXVII.
72 BARANOWSKI 1996: 95, 100, Figs. 19, 24.
73 RUDNICKI 2011: 121.
74 VON ZUR MÜHLEN 1975: 47.
75 RUDNICKI 2011: 121.
76 NOWAKOWSKI 2008: 196-203.
77 RUDNICKI 2011: 121.
78 BITNER-WRÓBLEWSKA 1999: 205-206.
79 RUDNICKI 2011.
80 BITNER-WRÓBLEWSKA 1999: 211, Fig. 3g.
81 Ibidem: 205.