DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.619#0046
THE HOUSES OE >TAUKRATIS AND THEIR CONTEXTS.
37
have been found in exact counterpart in Rhodes:
no. 4, but with a scarab at the back; a lion such
as those here, nos. 50, 64, 69,80, 92 and 104, and
with a type between nos. 13 and 21; one inter-
mediate between 18 and 19; no. 18, but on a
blue glazed disc, as 15, 16, and 17; no. 35;
no. 36 and no. 91. Beside these, which are
apparently from the same batch as those here
drawn, the general fabric of the Ehodian scarabsei
is unmistakably the same as the Naukratian;
and if not actually out of the factory that we have
found, we cannot doubt their belonging to the
same race and town.
The material of the scarabsei is usually a very
soft friable sandy paste ; glazed over, in good
specimens, with a hard glaze. This glaze is
sometimes blue, sometimes green, and when
yellow seems almost too bright to be merely
decomposed green such as gives the colour to
all the ordinary Egyptian brown scarabaei: the
white specimens are faded blue, as we may see
by the transition examples; many objects are of
fine but soft blue paste, including the rams' heads,
135-6, 143-4. The most important with regard
to age are nos. 79 to 82; 79 is a very unusual
one, of soft yellow paste, inlaid with brown on the
back in the figure of a goose with spread wings,
and a rope border: this and the next two are of a
Psamtik, probably the first, and no. 82 is of
Psamtik II. It is a question whether nos. 71,72,
may not also be the banner of Psamtik II., Pm-
men-db; and whether 53 may not be the cartouche
spelled with the hawk for Ea. Some other king's
names, probably belonging to petty vassals of the
time of the dodecarchy, may also be read in nos.
49, 50, Ea-men-hor; and 52, Ea-aa-hor. Scarabs
of Ea-men-hor are rather common, often bearing
in conjunction the name of Ea-men-kheper, which
may be the cartouche of the Ethiopian suzerain
Pi-ankhi, no. 128 : Ea-kheper is the name of
Sheshonk IT. Some of the others have well-
known Egyptian names, as 116, Petisis, and 117,
and 118, Pet-bast; or a title, as 112, Priest of
Khonsu; and the common inscription of "Shu
son of Ea," 83 and 84, occurs in a new form on
85 : the familiar types of " Amun-Ea neb " occur
more or less blundered on nos. 89, 90, 91; and
" amakhu neter neb " on 108. No. 121 is of a
different class to all the others; probably of the
nineteenth dynasty; and I suppose it to have
been brought to Naukratis.
The moulds for amulets collected here in this
stratum, and from the ground on which the Arabs
had thrown out the pottery from the part they
had carried away, numbered in all 678 for making
scarabsei (pi. xxxviii. 1 to 5), heads (8 to 11), and
discs (18); besides a few peculiar patterns, as 8
for square eye plaques (17), 2 for eye bullae (16),
2 for lions (6), 2 for busts (13), 1 for lion's head
(12), 1 for a Bes (15), and 1 for a cone (19). I
might have collected more of the ordinary kinds
without difficulty, had there been any object in so
doing. These moulds differed from those I have
seen before, in not having any ducts at the side
for the outflow of surplus material; only one with
ducts was found in the town. The reason of this
is evident; the scarab was not impressed on both
sides, but had the type cut in on it: thus they
were made by squeezing part of a lump of paste
into the mould, pulling it out, and then slicing off
the projecting part from the mass by which it was
held. When dried the design was cut in, and
then the whole was glazed and fixed. Of the
material for making them there were found
twenty lumps of blue paste, evidently kept as raw
material; made up much like old-fashioned balls
of indigo, rounded with hollowed sides; also two
lumps of greenish-blue, one of green, and two of
yellow-green paste. This paste was used, after
being finely ground up, for making blue paste
scarabaei, and to colour the blue glaze for pottery
scarabaei.
It appears that this factory was not only for
scarabs, but for other manufactures in the same
materials. The necks of ' pilgrim-bottles' of fine
yellow paste show that such belong here. Manv
pieces of thin rough white tiles for inlaying were
found, coloured blue on the face, and with the
37
have been found in exact counterpart in Rhodes:
no. 4, but with a scarab at the back; a lion such
as those here, nos. 50, 64, 69,80, 92 and 104, and
with a type between nos. 13 and 21; one inter-
mediate between 18 and 19; no. 18, but on a
blue glazed disc, as 15, 16, and 17; no. 35;
no. 36 and no. 91. Beside these, which are
apparently from the same batch as those here
drawn, the general fabric of the Ehodian scarabsei
is unmistakably the same as the Naukratian;
and if not actually out of the factory that we have
found, we cannot doubt their belonging to the
same race and town.
The material of the scarabsei is usually a very
soft friable sandy paste ; glazed over, in good
specimens, with a hard glaze. This glaze is
sometimes blue, sometimes green, and when
yellow seems almost too bright to be merely
decomposed green such as gives the colour to
all the ordinary Egyptian brown scarabaei: the
white specimens are faded blue, as we may see
by the transition examples; many objects are of
fine but soft blue paste, including the rams' heads,
135-6, 143-4. The most important with regard
to age are nos. 79 to 82; 79 is a very unusual
one, of soft yellow paste, inlaid with brown on the
back in the figure of a goose with spread wings,
and a rope border: this and the next two are of a
Psamtik, probably the first, and no. 82 is of
Psamtik II. It is a question whether nos. 71,72,
may not also be the banner of Psamtik II., Pm-
men-db; and whether 53 may not be the cartouche
spelled with the hawk for Ea. Some other king's
names, probably belonging to petty vassals of the
time of the dodecarchy, may also be read in nos.
49, 50, Ea-men-hor; and 52, Ea-aa-hor. Scarabs
of Ea-men-hor are rather common, often bearing
in conjunction the name of Ea-men-kheper, which
may be the cartouche of the Ethiopian suzerain
Pi-ankhi, no. 128 : Ea-kheper is the name of
Sheshonk IT. Some of the others have well-
known Egyptian names, as 116, Petisis, and 117,
and 118, Pet-bast; or a title, as 112, Priest of
Khonsu; and the common inscription of "Shu
son of Ea," 83 and 84, occurs in a new form on
85 : the familiar types of " Amun-Ea neb " occur
more or less blundered on nos. 89, 90, 91; and
" amakhu neter neb " on 108. No. 121 is of a
different class to all the others; probably of the
nineteenth dynasty; and I suppose it to have
been brought to Naukratis.
The moulds for amulets collected here in this
stratum, and from the ground on which the Arabs
had thrown out the pottery from the part they
had carried away, numbered in all 678 for making
scarabsei (pi. xxxviii. 1 to 5), heads (8 to 11), and
discs (18); besides a few peculiar patterns, as 8
for square eye plaques (17), 2 for eye bullae (16),
2 for lions (6), 2 for busts (13), 1 for lion's head
(12), 1 for a Bes (15), and 1 for a cone (19). I
might have collected more of the ordinary kinds
without difficulty, had there been any object in so
doing. These moulds differed from those I have
seen before, in not having any ducts at the side
for the outflow of surplus material; only one with
ducts was found in the town. The reason of this
is evident; the scarab was not impressed on both
sides, but had the type cut in on it: thus they
were made by squeezing part of a lump of paste
into the mould, pulling it out, and then slicing off
the projecting part from the mass by which it was
held. When dried the design was cut in, and
then the whole was glazed and fixed. Of the
material for making them there were found
twenty lumps of blue paste, evidently kept as raw
material; made up much like old-fashioned balls
of indigo, rounded with hollowed sides; also two
lumps of greenish-blue, one of green, and two of
yellow-green paste. This paste was used, after
being finely ground up, for making blue paste
scarabaei, and to colour the blue glaze for pottery
scarabaei.
It appears that this factory was not only for
scarabs, but for other manufactures in the same
materials. The necks of ' pilgrim-bottles' of fine
yellow paste show that such belong here. Manv
pieces of thin rough white tiles for inlaying were
found, coloured blue on the face, and with the