Peust, Carsten: Egyptian phonology: an introduction to the phonology of a dead language (Göttingen, 1999)

has likewise been borrowed into Old Nubian as &.pjl&e- ~ &pcj>&e- "temple".l89

• miwt ('mi?VwtV) "to think" (since MK) > s-a^e€?re /'me:w3/, b>\e?TI

• tbw.t ('tabVwtV) "sandals" > s.aT00tfe /'tD:we/, be(l)0?TI (with irregular loss of <b>,

m § 3.16.6)

If the preceding consonant was not lost, then it directly precedes the glide in Coptic.
There is thus a tendency for the glide to be vocalized. <w> is preserved as a consonant in
some dialects of Coptic, and vocalized to /u/ in others. <j> is always vocalized; however
in most varieties of Coptic it does not develop into /i/ - as might be expected -, but it
merges with /g/. Only in certain varieties of Lycopolitan is it indeed written 1 and thus
kept distinct from the final vowel /o/ that is written £ here (US' §§ 5.8.5, 5.8.6.7):

• rsw.t (VVsVwtV) "dream" > sp^COTS- /'rasu/, apCCO?T, bpdX(WI /'raswi/, fA£C6l

• mtw.t "poison" > sJtfsJOV /'matu/, W]W, bA^0O'iri /'matwi/, fA€TB[

• ph.wi "back" > s.andv0,O?T /'pahu/, bcjJ^Off

• snw.t "granary" > bUJ£'B'NI /'Jewni/ (with metathesis)

• tzi.i > Izi.w (<w> is only graphical, D®° §3.i3.2) "to be exalted (stative)" > 'A6X1
/'casi/, SA0C6 /'casa/

• mniw ('mVnViwV) "herdsman" > S.»\&N£ /'mano/, should be *.»\&r{| in Lycopolitan
which is accidently not attested

As is true for <j> / <3> in contact with the stressed vowel, the glide may be missing without
appearant rule:

• hfiw "Schlange" ('hafVSwV) > ^oof /'hoi/

• ss>w "Antilope" > s'bUJOUI /'JoJV (borrowed as sttsu into Neo-Assyrian)

• nH.i > n'Lw "to go (stative)" > s.bN& /'na/

3.14.3 Loss of <t> and <r>

The conditions for the loss of <t> and <r> are basically identical. Instances of <t> which
merged with <t> by palatal fronting (Kg5 § 3.9.7) are treated like original <t> with respect
to loss.

3.14.3.1 <t> I <r> preceding the stressed vowel

<t> / <r> were preserved when a stressed vowel followed directly:

• ntk (n[V]'takV) "you" > sNTOK /n't3k/, bN0OK

• th.t ('tihtV) "to be drunk" > ^e /'tihe/, b©l3l

• mi ('tanjV) "where?" > TOM /'ton/, b0(ON

• rmt ('ramtV) "man" > spC0A€ /'rorns/, bptOAI

• br.t (h[V]'ritV) "need" > =2pe /'hre/, b3p€

189 See Browne (1996: 20) and Roquet (1972: 106-108).

151