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https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4679#0307
2. THE KILLANIAN PLAIN. 281
centre at Killana (Gebren); while the third had its centre at Hassan-
Pasha, and its name is perhaps contained in the mutilated inscr. 117 1.
The three estates were as a rule farmed to three separate contractors
(/xiaOcoTai, conductores); and the imperial interests were managed by
a procurator, who seems to have been an imperial freedman, and three
managers (jrpayfiarevTaL, negotiator es2), one for each estate. These
managers were imperial slaves. The natives were the cultivators
(coloni); and rich individuals among them seem also to have been
the contractors. The procurator and managers formed a sort of
board of supervision ; and we may infer that the rents of the coloni
were paid to them directly 3.
The inscriptions are dated by the acting procurator, managers, and
contractors, and occasionally by the proagon and the priest for the
time. The details of government, therefore, were administered by
these as corresponding to the magistrates of a polls. It is clear that
in Asia Minor certain bishoprics were simply great imperial estates ;
and hence it is natural to conclude that certain groups of estates
were organized in such a way that the group occupied a position cor-
responding to that of a polls. The three Ormelian estates formed
a group. The imperial procurator was the supreme official, represent-
ing the imperial authority, having probably even the power of life
and death among the coloni, and deciding without appeal all cases
among them or between them and the contractors. He let out the
estates for periods of years, and drew rents and dues from contractors
and coloni. He was charged with the maintenance of public order ;
and a corps of police (-rrapacpvXaKLTaL4) was under his command. He
also marked and preserved the bounds of the estate, and guards
(called opocpvXctKes, saltuavii finium cudodiendorum causa) were
directed by him for this purpose.
The only procurator known to us with certainty, Kritoboulos
(St. 46), was apparently a freedman of the owners 6. But M. Calpur-
nius Longus and Pansa (p. 314) may perhaps have been equestrian
procurators. On the African estates both equestrian and libertine
1 Or possibly in inscr. 125 BayavSeis. the second is also perhaps justifiable.
There is hardly room in 117 to restore " See Mommsen in Hermes XV 1880
B[ayai)](vs, a natural variant. p. 403 f.
2 This Latin term (which I formerly i This name, as we have seen above,
used) is approved by 0. Hirschfeld in suggests a Pergamenian origin. The
Berlin. Sitzungsher. 1891 p. 874 n. 142 ; estates probably descended to the
actor, the rendering suggested by Prof, emperors from the kings; see § 3 ad
Pelham, seems to suit the African Jinem and p. 259.
analogies better; the Greek term 5 Another whose name in genitive
admits the first rendering better, but ends in -os occurs St. 43.
centre at Killana (Gebren); while the third had its centre at Hassan-
Pasha, and its name is perhaps contained in the mutilated inscr. 117 1.
The three estates were as a rule farmed to three separate contractors
(/xiaOcoTai, conductores); and the imperial interests were managed by
a procurator, who seems to have been an imperial freedman, and three
managers (jrpayfiarevTaL, negotiator es2), one for each estate. These
managers were imperial slaves. The natives were the cultivators
(coloni); and rich individuals among them seem also to have been
the contractors. The procurator and managers formed a sort of
board of supervision ; and we may infer that the rents of the coloni
were paid to them directly 3.
The inscriptions are dated by the acting procurator, managers, and
contractors, and occasionally by the proagon and the priest for the
time. The details of government, therefore, were administered by
these as corresponding to the magistrates of a polls. It is clear that
in Asia Minor certain bishoprics were simply great imperial estates ;
and hence it is natural to conclude that certain groups of estates
were organized in such a way that the group occupied a position cor-
responding to that of a polls. The three Ormelian estates formed
a group. The imperial procurator was the supreme official, represent-
ing the imperial authority, having probably even the power of life
and death among the coloni, and deciding without appeal all cases
among them or between them and the contractors. He let out the
estates for periods of years, and drew rents and dues from contractors
and coloni. He was charged with the maintenance of public order ;
and a corps of police (-rrapacpvXaKLTaL4) was under his command. He
also marked and preserved the bounds of the estate, and guards
(called opocpvXctKes, saltuavii finium cudodiendorum causa) were
directed by him for this purpose.
The only procurator known to us with certainty, Kritoboulos
(St. 46), was apparently a freedman of the owners 6. But M. Calpur-
nius Longus and Pansa (p. 314) may perhaps have been equestrian
procurators. On the African estates both equestrian and libertine
1 Or possibly in inscr. 125 BayavSeis. the second is also perhaps justifiable.
There is hardly room in 117 to restore " See Mommsen in Hermes XV 1880
B[ayai)](vs, a natural variant. p. 403 f.
2 This Latin term (which I formerly i This name, as we have seen above,
used) is approved by 0. Hirschfeld in suggests a Pergamenian origin. The
Berlin. Sitzungsher. 1891 p. 874 n. 142 ; estates probably descended to the
actor, the rendering suggested by Prof, emperors from the kings; see § 3 ad
Pelham, seems to suit the African Jinem and p. 259.
analogies better; the Greek term 5 Another whose name in genitive
admits the first rendering better, but ends in -os occurs St. 43.