DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4679#0308
282 IX. PHRYGIAN CITIES ON PISIDIAN FRONTIER.
procurators are known ; and the analogy is probably complete {Hermes
1880 p. 400 f). In the first century the provincial procurator appar-
ently performed the duties which in the second and third centuries
were performed by special procurators of the group of estates \
The procurators had their own freedmen and slaves, whom they
employed on their business (whether private or official we have no
evidence). Of this character probably were M. Calpurnius Epineikos
and Artemon freedman and slave of M. Calpurnius Longus (nos. 112-3).
The former was a contractor, which probably means that he was acting
as agent for his patron, who according to our conjecture would be
both procurator and concealed contractor (which can hardly have
been either advantageous or strictly lawful). Artemon was his steward
{olkopo/xos, clispensator).
The negotiatores2 were evidently slaves (of the owners of the
estates): their names are of a servile type 3 and they have no pater.
They were probably stationed on the several estates to look after the
owners' interests on them, and to exact the dues in kind, the share of
the produce, the days of labour which were given to the masters, &c.
'lhe contractors were sometimes freedmen, sometimes native Pisi-
dians4, richer than the mass of the coloni. No evidence is to be
obtained from the inscriptions as to their duties, which therefore must
be restored from the analogy of the African conductor-es. It is, how-
ever, evident that they had considerable powers, both because they
appear in superscriptions, and because at the estates near Lagbe fines
for violation of a grave were made payable to the state of Cibyra and
the local contractor. A fragmentary inscription seems to connect them
with the frontier-guards {opocpvXaKes), to whom they were perhaps
empowered to issue orders when the procurator was not at hand 5.
The annual priest of Zeus Sabazios exercised a certain authority
also ; but it is noteworthy that he appears only in one superscription
where a list of mystai followsG.
Native officials named Proagontes are often mentioned in these
1 The boundaries of the estate of 4 Sterrett restores [K\avS]t'ou in 46, 10,
Maximianopolis were regulated by the which suggests that this contractor was
procurator of Galatia under Nero, no. a freedman of the owners ; but the name
165. is quite uncertain. [Hernrajios is quite
* Defined by Labeo, Digest. 32, 65, as possible, or even a shorter name. Epi-
slaves qui praepositi essent negotii ex- nicus, inscr. 113, was a freedman.
ercendi causa veluti qui ad emendum 6 Prof. 0. Hirschfeld agrees with this
locandum conducendum praepositi es- Berl. Site. 1891 p. 874.
sent. G In St. 59 he is dedicator on behalf
3 Abaskantos, Anthinos, Aeitlniles, of the college of priests. On his posi-
Marcellion (?). tion see § 5.
procurators are known ; and the analogy is probably complete {Hermes
1880 p. 400 f). In the first century the provincial procurator appar-
ently performed the duties which in the second and third centuries
were performed by special procurators of the group of estates \
The procurators had their own freedmen and slaves, whom they
employed on their business (whether private or official we have no
evidence). Of this character probably were M. Calpurnius Epineikos
and Artemon freedman and slave of M. Calpurnius Longus (nos. 112-3).
The former was a contractor, which probably means that he was acting
as agent for his patron, who according to our conjecture would be
both procurator and concealed contractor (which can hardly have
been either advantageous or strictly lawful). Artemon was his steward
{olkopo/xos, clispensator).
The negotiatores2 were evidently slaves (of the owners of the
estates): their names are of a servile type 3 and they have no pater.
They were probably stationed on the several estates to look after the
owners' interests on them, and to exact the dues in kind, the share of
the produce, the days of labour which were given to the masters, &c.
'lhe contractors were sometimes freedmen, sometimes native Pisi-
dians4, richer than the mass of the coloni. No evidence is to be
obtained from the inscriptions as to their duties, which therefore must
be restored from the analogy of the African conductor-es. It is, how-
ever, evident that they had considerable powers, both because they
appear in superscriptions, and because at the estates near Lagbe fines
for violation of a grave were made payable to the state of Cibyra and
the local contractor. A fragmentary inscription seems to connect them
with the frontier-guards {opocpvXaKes), to whom they were perhaps
empowered to issue orders when the procurator was not at hand 5.
The annual priest of Zeus Sabazios exercised a certain authority
also ; but it is noteworthy that he appears only in one superscription
where a list of mystai followsG.
Native officials named Proagontes are often mentioned in these
1 The boundaries of the estate of 4 Sterrett restores [K\avS]t'ou in 46, 10,
Maximianopolis were regulated by the which suggests that this contractor was
procurator of Galatia under Nero, no. a freedman of the owners ; but the name
165. is quite uncertain. [Hernrajios is quite
* Defined by Labeo, Digest. 32, 65, as possible, or even a shorter name. Epi-
slaves qui praepositi essent negotii ex- nicus, inscr. 113, was a freedman.
ercendi causa veluti qui ad emendum 6 Prof. 0. Hirschfeld agrees with this
locandum conducendum praepositi es- Berl. Site. 1891 p. 874.
sent. G In St. 59 he is dedicator on behalf
3 Abaskantos, Anthinos, Aeitlniles, of the college of priests. On his posi-
Marcellion (?). tion see § 5.