Shakespear, John: A grammar of the Hindustani language (London, 1826)

12

A GRAMMAR OF THE

j\ sflo, as o in bone; being the power of waw-i-maj'hul,
so termecl because unknown in Arabic ; anci, though of
frequent occurrence in the Persian language, it has no
distinctive character or mark in the Persi-Arabic or-
thography.

y au, like the German au, or the English ou in our ;
being, in Arabic, acompoundof/aiAa andwco quiescent.

l-> ^ b, as the English b.

*T bh, as b with an aspiration, sensibly expressed, yet
closely as one individual letter.
p, as the English p.

Ri ph, as p with an aspiration, sensibly though closely
expressed as one letter only.

cl> rT t, as in tube nearly ; being uttered softly by apply-
ing the tip of the tongue to the roots of the front upper
teeth.

th, like the last, sensibly aspirated, yet closely as
one individual letter.

cL' t, as t uttered by reverting the point of the tongue
on the palate, and sounding the letter up in the head.
This t and the d following are pronounced b}' turning
and striking the tip of the tongue higher on the palate
than in uttering tbe English letters of these forms;
whilst the cl> (rT) and j (<Q are prolated with the point ot
the tongue on the roots of the front upper teeth.