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their own purposes; and that, therefore, they have he-
come Mended with other huildings, from which they
must he disentangled. The use of numerous pillars in
the cloisters of Buddhist monasteries, which were fre-
quently of uniform patterns, greatly aids the identifi-
cation of the remains of this ancient period.

A careful examination of Benares will reveal those
portions of the city which contain buildings, or parts
of huildings, or sculptured stones, or other objects, of
undeniable antiquity. Such ancient remains are, for the
most part, I believe, to be found only in the northern
division of the city, and among the n arrow streets on
its eastern border, running parallel with the Ganges, in
a narrow band, as far as the Man-Mandil Observatory.

Under the conviction that Buddhist remains were
to be met with in Benares, I commenced a search
for some of them in the course of the year 1863. On
the very first day of the search, the ruins at Bakariya
Kund were discovered, which I shall now proceed to
describe.

I would here acknowledge my deep obligations to my
friend and fellow-labourer, Charles Home, Esq., OS.,
late Judge of Benares, and now Judge of Mynpoory,
N.W.P., a gentleman to whom I am greatly indebted for
much valuable information in these researches, and with
whom I was associated in the preparation of two papers
on "Ancient Bemains found in Benares," which were
presented to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and pub-
lished in their Journal, and are now, with a few neces-
sary alterations and corrections, introduced into this
volume, forming this and the succeeding chapter.

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