DOI Heft:
Vol. VI : 2 1989
DOI Artikel:Beranová, Magdalena: The agricultural tools of Bohemia: at the beginning of the Iron Age (5th - 3rd century BC)
DOI Seite / Zitierlink: https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.49003#0115
AGRIC. TOOLS OF BOHEMIA
109
Fig. 4. An ard with a Celtic-type ard-share without a frame. Reconstruction by Z. Tempir. □ Hakenpflug
mit einer Schar vom keltischen Typus ohne Sohle. Rekonstruktion Z. Tempir.
find context not being quite clear. It may,
then, be earlier. It is 11 cm long and 5 cm
wide. All these ard-shares belong to the pecu-
liar, so-called Celtic type, markedly slender
and probably meant for work in an oblique
position, simply opening a furrow in the soil.
The shares might have been mounted on an
obliquely set bar, perhaps leaning on the
frame (Fig. 2), perhaps without a frame (Fig.
4). Some specialists go on to propose a more
detailed typological classification of these
Celtic shapes according to the shape of the
lobes, their location, tapering, doubling and
the like (e.g. Pieta 1982, 82f., Rybova, Moty-
kova 1983, 133f.), but so far, no conclusions
as to chronology, origin of these shares or
particularities of the ploughing process are
possible. It seems certain that Bohemian finds
are - so far - the earliest in Central Europe
but not in all of Europe. This position - as far
as I know - is occupied by two ard-shares
from Gela (Sicily) of the 6th century BC (Or-
landini 1965) with a third possible ard-share
candidate in the museum of Certosa, as far as
it is truly Etruscan (Braungart 1912, Fig. 43a,
p. 75). The latter, however, was large and
heavy. An ard-share found at Frilford in an-
cient Britain has been dated before 300 BC
(Payne 1948) and could consequently be of
the same age as the Bohemian finds.
Harvesting implements
In the 6th-3rd centuries BC, peasants all over
Europe harvested corn by means of small
iron sickles of A. Steensberg’s (1943) type A
without off-set handle. Except for a few
109
Fig. 4. An ard with a Celtic-type ard-share without a frame. Reconstruction by Z. Tempir. □ Hakenpflug
mit einer Schar vom keltischen Typus ohne Sohle. Rekonstruktion Z. Tempir.
find context not being quite clear. It may,
then, be earlier. It is 11 cm long and 5 cm
wide. All these ard-shares belong to the pecu-
liar, so-called Celtic type, markedly slender
and probably meant for work in an oblique
position, simply opening a furrow in the soil.
The shares might have been mounted on an
obliquely set bar, perhaps leaning on the
frame (Fig. 2), perhaps without a frame (Fig.
4). Some specialists go on to propose a more
detailed typological classification of these
Celtic shapes according to the shape of the
lobes, their location, tapering, doubling and
the like (e.g. Pieta 1982, 82f., Rybova, Moty-
kova 1983, 133f.), but so far, no conclusions
as to chronology, origin of these shares or
particularities of the ploughing process are
possible. It seems certain that Bohemian finds
are - so far - the earliest in Central Europe
but not in all of Europe. This position - as far
as I know - is occupied by two ard-shares
from Gela (Sicily) of the 6th century BC (Or-
landini 1965) with a third possible ard-share
candidate in the museum of Certosa, as far as
it is truly Etruscan (Braungart 1912, Fig. 43a,
p. 75). The latter, however, was large and
heavy. An ard-share found at Frilford in an-
cient Britain has been dated before 300 BC
(Payne 1948) and could consequently be of
the same age as the Bohemian finds.
Harvesting implements
In the 6th-3rd centuries BC, peasants all over
Europe harvested corn by means of small
iron sickles of A. Steensberg’s (1943) type A
without off-set handle. Except for a few