DOI article:
Paulík, Jozef: Začiatky hlinenej plastiky na Slovensku I
DOI Page / Citation link:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.51702#0025
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UHOHajIbHOCTb H BCTeTHMHOCTb, HTO B6JI0 K C03A3HHIO HpeA"
MeïoB nepBoft HeoôxoaHMOCTii b stom HanpaBJieHHH. C Apy-
roft CTopoHbi na nepene H3 tKcaeaa mm bhahm ueaenanpaB-
JieHHbift njiacTHnecKHH mothb Ha KepaMHKe: HejiOBenecKoe
ahifo BHHcaHO KaK noaypeAbec|) b opnaMeHTajibHyio cxeMy,
KOTopaa ero achctbchho AonoAHiteT (pue. 2). Hnoraa
njiacTHKa, b KanecTBe peabecjta, HaxoAHTca BiiyTpit Kepa-
MHKH (Hanp., 3M6H B MHCKe ■— pHC. 3); C3M OĎptlAOBblH
aKT HBJiHeTCH xyAotKecTBeHHO co3AanbiM na cjiparMeHTe
nocyAH (pnc. 4), k KOTopoň 6btaa npHAeaena qeaoBeHec-
Kan (fmrypa. 3to H3o6peTeHHe ynpomeHHoň (jtopMe, ho
npn BceM stom cyrrHCTHBHO nanoMnnaeT cBoôoAHyto naac-
THKy xeHiUHH c nocyaoň b pyKax. 3ooMop4)Hast nocyAa H3
OKpyra ay>KHaHCKOH KepaMHKH H3 AôparaMa (pnc. 5),
npeacTaBJiiieT cKopee Bcero mcabbah — coeAHnenHbiň
chmboa chah h nAOAopoAHtt. Teao <j)Hrypbi pasyKpameHO
KpaCHHMH nOAOCaMH, CHMBOAH3HpyiOIUHMH AOtKA.b (KpaCHMH
IIBeT Öblfl CHMBOAOM >KH3HH) . B HaHaAe KaK Bbl nOMHHTe
ÔHAa npoBeaeHa napaAaeab «jKenmHHa — cKyawiTypKa»,
KOTopyio Tenepb aBTop aohoahhct naxoAKOH, HaftAenoft
b oKpyre aeHrneabCKoft KyabTypu, c TaK HaabraaeMMM
«xecTBOM H3 CßOAHHa» (pnc. 6). Pannee oHa ôbiaa aonoa-
nena opraHHnecKHMH BemecTBaMH, noao>KeHHbiMH Ha Aa-
AOHb. 06ih.hh acjtcjteKT b nepnoA npHMeneHM aohoahhach
pasyKpameHHbiMH KpacHHM iibctom Bepxa <|>nrypoK, ko-
Topbie, HaBepnoe, b ceôe KopeHHAH 5KH3HeHbift cmhca b
ero CBH3H c MaTepaMH — npoAOA/KaTeAbHHuaMH poaa.
EaHHCTBeHHoe npeacTaBAeHHe o b33hmocbh3h cboôoahoh
naacTHKH h KyAbTOBOH KepaMHKH AaeT bosmoxhoctb tta-
ywrb cpaBHeHHe (jtparMeHTa jkchckoh CKyabnrypbi H3 Beab-
Koro Tpoôa c Bepxneň qacTbto cKyAbnTypbi H3 Mnaa-
HOBHeij (pnc. 7). 3acay>KHBaeT BHHMaHHH OAHHaKOBan
npHHecKa mk a3ctohkhho fhcsao, TapeaKOBHAHbie ryÔM
Ha HAacTHKe aBTOp CBH3bIBaeT CO CTAHyTOH AHUeBOÎl
nacTbio aHTponoMop4>Hofi (pHrypbt na KOTOpoft b nanaae,
no BHAHMOMy, HaXOAHAaCb OCOÔaH MaCKa, HSrOTOBAeHHaiI
H3 opraHHHecKoro BenjecTBa (H3 Tecra). H 3Ta naxoAKa
npHnoMHHaeT, H3 kbkhx pasAHHHMx MarepnaaoB hstotob-
AHAHcb H3AeAHH, KOTopbie HaxoAHAHCb b Hameft reorpacjtH-
HecKoS oôaacTH npn oueHKe H3o6pa3HTeabHoro HCKyccTBa
Kamero npomaoro (Aepßo, TKanb H3 kojkh, bock h t. A-)-
B KaqecTBe xyAO>KecTBeHHbix apTeptjtaKTOB co3AaHbix
c MaKCHMaAbHOH COAepJKaTeAbHOCTbIO Ha OCHOBe KOAAeK-
thbhoh chah, cocpeAOTOHeHHoft b TaaaHTAHBbix MacTepax,
SBTOp OIleHHBaeT CBOÔOAHyiO aHTpOnO- H 3OOMOp4>HyiO
naacïHKy. naacTHKy CHaauieH >KCHinMHbi H3 HHTpnaHCKoro
3aMKa (pHC. 8) CHHTaAH B npOHIAOM «ÔOFHHCH Ha TpOHe».
B paôoTe mm naxoAHM Apyryio TOHKy apennsi: BHanaae
<j>Hrypa Aepxaaa hto-to b pyKax, hto aaer HaM bo3mo>k-
HocTb npHcoeAHHHTb ee k MaTepn poaa, cHAameö na cryae.
Ee MaccHBHbie cToao6oo6pa3Hbie hofh HaxoAHTCH b neno-
cpeacTBeHHOH CB5I3H c MapKaHTHbiM cTeoTOHHFOM. IlepeA
BepxHen, hoashoh 6e3 rpyan, qacTbio Teaa npn paccMOT-
peHHH ne XBaTaeT tofo, hto ona Aoa>KHa 6biaa aepxaTb
BoCTOHHO-CAOBaUKOH napaBACAbK) OXapaKTepH3OBaHHOH
naacTHKH HBaaeTCíi rpyôo cMoaeanpoBaHHaa «Benepa» H3
Oôopuna (pnc. 9) c tbkhm kc KapMaHOBHAHHM TeaoM,
co3AaHHaa, bo3mo>kho cneuHaabHo, b HoaycHAsnueM no-
AOJKeHHH.
Oana H3 ApeBHHX raHHHHbix naacTHK b CaoBaKHH npn-
naAaeHiHT k coKpoBHiuHHiie naacTHKH: bto cxeMaTHHecKH
cAeaaiibiH ômhok H3 Bhhc (pnc. 10). KpoMe TopueBHA-
iioro noaojKenHH na HeM bhaho cTpeMaenne Maerepa
noaaTb 3Bepsi b ABHHceHHH (MeaHApoBHTHH mothb) npnqeM
coxpaHHTb (JjyHKHHio iipeAMeTa. Ha jkhbothom cTOHAa panée
AcencKaii c|)Hrypa: aBTop b stom bhaht ocMbicansaeMoe
Hanaao OTHocHTeabno OTOJKAecTBaeHHH HeKOTopbix ôorHHb
C JKHBOTHblMH (3TO nOTOM HaiHAO CBOe OTpaiKeHHe H B
rpeaecKOH peaHrnn). MoaeabHbie naacTHKH HaňaeHbí Ha
cesepe KapnaTCKoft kotbobukh xaTa H3 Epanna (pnc. 11)
h nepeHocHoft aarapn H3 ApeBHeHeoaHTHHecKoft o6ct3hob-
kh b BeabKHX PaniKOBHUHax (pnc. 12).
B Koupe ero paôoTbi caeaano HecKoabKO bbiboaob: 1.
XyaoAæcTBeHHoe HcnoabaoBanne fahhh b paHHeft KaMeH-
hoh anoxe npeACTaBaaeT nanaao h oAHOBpeMeHHO Bbicmyio
CTyneHb naacTHHecKoro TBopqecTBa b caoBaijKOM nepBO-
ÔblTHOOÔniHHHOM CTpoe, B HCM BHAHO TBCHyiO CBH3b HC-
KyCCTBa C AOCTHFHyTbTM COH,HaabHO-3KOHOMHHeCKHM ypOB-
H6M. 2. MOJKHO SaKOHOMepHO CHHTaTb, HTO HaHAeHbie
SKcnonaTbi HBAHioTca KOHHeň H3 eine ayante cosaaHHbtx,
ho HecoxpaHHBiHHxcsi (|)Hryp. 3. CoAeptKaTeabHbtH AeTep-
MHHH3M 6bta HenOCpeACTBeHHO CBH33H C KyabTOM. 4. Oc-
HOBHbiM CHMBoaoM HeoaHTHqecKoro nepnoAa HBaaeTctt
«MHpoatOÔHBblH» XapaKTep (npHMepOB O KpOBaBMX, AIOA-
ckhx xepTBax ne coxpaHHaocb). 5. Marna stofo nepnoaa
HanpaBAHaa TBopnecTBO b xsyx HanpaBaeHHHX: a) oôecne-
Henne naoanocTH xenuiHH, 6) naoAopoAwe 36mah.
B 3T0M H IipeACTaBASteTCH 3aBHCHMOCTb HaACTpOHKH BO
Bcex KpeCTbSIHCKHX OÔIHHOCTHX Ha aHaAOTHAHOH CTyneHH
pa3BHTHH.
UHOHajIbHOCTb H BCTeTHMHOCTb, HTO B6JI0 K C03A3HHIO HpeA"
MeïoB nepBoft HeoôxoaHMOCTii b stom HanpaBJieHHH. C Apy-
roft CTopoHbi na nepene H3 tKcaeaa mm bhahm ueaenanpaB-
JieHHbift njiacTHnecKHH mothb Ha KepaMHKe: HejiOBenecKoe
ahifo BHHcaHO KaK noaypeAbec|) b opnaMeHTajibHyio cxeMy,
KOTopaa ero achctbchho AonoAHiteT (pue. 2). Hnoraa
njiacTHKa, b KanecTBe peabecjta, HaxoAHTca BiiyTpit Kepa-
MHKH (Hanp., 3M6H B MHCKe ■— pHC. 3); C3M OĎptlAOBblH
aKT HBJiHeTCH xyAotKecTBeHHO co3AanbiM na cjiparMeHTe
nocyAH (pnc. 4), k KOTopoň 6btaa npHAeaena qeaoBeHec-
Kan (fmrypa. 3to H3o6peTeHHe ynpomeHHoň (jtopMe, ho
npn BceM stom cyrrHCTHBHO nanoMnnaeT cBoôoAHyto naac-
THKy xeHiUHH c nocyaoň b pyKax. 3ooMop4)Hast nocyAa H3
OKpyra ay>KHaHCKOH KepaMHKH H3 AôparaMa (pnc. 5),
npeacTaBJiiieT cKopee Bcero mcabbah — coeAHnenHbiň
chmboa chah h nAOAopoAHtt. Teao <j)Hrypbi pasyKpameHO
KpaCHHMH nOAOCaMH, CHMBOAH3HpyiOIUHMH AOtKA.b (KpaCHMH
IIBeT Öblfl CHMBOAOM >KH3HH) . B HaHaAe KaK Bbl nOMHHTe
ÔHAa npoBeaeHa napaAaeab «jKenmHHa — cKyawiTypKa»,
KOTopyio Tenepb aBTop aohoahhct naxoAKOH, HaftAenoft
b oKpyre aeHrneabCKoft KyabTypu, c TaK HaabraaeMMM
«xecTBOM H3 CßOAHHa» (pnc. 6). Pannee oHa ôbiaa aonoa-
nena opraHHnecKHMH BemecTBaMH, noao>KeHHbiMH Ha Aa-
AOHb. 06ih.hh acjtcjteKT b nepnoA npHMeneHM aohoahhach
pasyKpameHHbiMH KpacHHM iibctom Bepxa <|>nrypoK, ko-
Topbie, HaBepnoe, b ceôe KopeHHAH 5KH3HeHbift cmhca b
ero CBH3H c MaTepaMH — npoAOA/KaTeAbHHuaMH poaa.
EaHHCTBeHHoe npeacTaBAeHHe o b33hmocbh3h cboôoahoh
naacTHKH h KyAbTOBOH KepaMHKH AaeT bosmoxhoctb tta-
ywrb cpaBHeHHe (jtparMeHTa jkchckoh CKyabnrypbi H3 Beab-
Koro Tpoôa c Bepxneň qacTbto cKyAbnTypbi H3 Mnaa-
HOBHeij (pnc. 7). 3acay>KHBaeT BHHMaHHH OAHHaKOBan
npHHecKa mk a3ctohkhho fhcsao, TapeaKOBHAHbie ryÔM
Ha HAacTHKe aBTOp CBH3bIBaeT CO CTAHyTOH AHUeBOÎl
nacTbio aHTponoMop4>Hofi (pHrypbt na KOTOpoft b nanaae,
no BHAHMOMy, HaXOAHAaCb OCOÔaH MaCKa, HSrOTOBAeHHaiI
H3 opraHHHecKoro BenjecTBa (H3 Tecra). H 3Ta naxoAKa
npHnoMHHaeT, H3 kbkhx pasAHHHMx MarepnaaoB hstotob-
AHAHcb H3AeAHH, KOTopbie HaxoAHAHCb b Hameft reorpacjtH-
HecKoS oôaacTH npn oueHKe H3o6pa3HTeabHoro HCKyccTBa
Kamero npomaoro (Aepßo, TKanb H3 kojkh, bock h t. A-)-
B KaqecTBe xyAO>KecTBeHHbix apTeptjtaKTOB co3AaHbix
c MaKCHMaAbHOH COAepJKaTeAbHOCTbIO Ha OCHOBe KOAAeK-
thbhoh chah, cocpeAOTOHeHHoft b TaaaHTAHBbix MacTepax,
SBTOp OIleHHBaeT CBOÔOAHyiO aHTpOnO- H 3OOMOp4>HyiO
naacïHKy. naacTHKy CHaauieH >KCHinMHbi H3 HHTpnaHCKoro
3aMKa (pHC. 8) CHHTaAH B npOHIAOM «ÔOFHHCH Ha TpOHe».
B paôoTe mm naxoAHM Apyryio TOHKy apennsi: BHanaae
<j>Hrypa Aepxaaa hto-to b pyKax, hto aaer HaM bo3mo>k-
HocTb npHcoeAHHHTb ee k MaTepn poaa, cHAameö na cryae.
Ee MaccHBHbie cToao6oo6pa3Hbie hofh HaxoAHTCH b neno-
cpeacTBeHHOH CB5I3H c MapKaHTHbiM cTeoTOHHFOM. IlepeA
BepxHen, hoashoh 6e3 rpyan, qacTbio Teaa npn paccMOT-
peHHH ne XBaTaeT tofo, hto ona Aoa>KHa 6biaa aepxaTb
BoCTOHHO-CAOBaUKOH napaBACAbK) OXapaKTepH3OBaHHOH
naacTHKH HBaaeTCíi rpyôo cMoaeanpoBaHHaa «Benepa» H3
Oôopuna (pnc. 9) c tbkhm kc KapMaHOBHAHHM TeaoM,
co3AaHHaa, bo3mo>kho cneuHaabHo, b HoaycHAsnueM no-
AOJKeHHH.
Oana H3 ApeBHHX raHHHHbix naacTHK b CaoBaKHH npn-
naAaeHiHT k coKpoBHiuHHiie naacTHKH: bto cxeMaTHHecKH
cAeaaiibiH ômhok H3 Bhhc (pnc. 10). KpoMe TopueBHA-
iioro noaojKenHH na HeM bhaho cTpeMaenne Maerepa
noaaTb 3Bepsi b ABHHceHHH (MeaHApoBHTHH mothb) npnqeM
coxpaHHTb (JjyHKHHio iipeAMeTa. Ha jkhbothom cTOHAa panée
AcencKaii c|)Hrypa: aBTop b stom bhaht ocMbicansaeMoe
Hanaao OTHocHTeabno OTOJKAecTBaeHHH HeKOTopbix ôorHHb
C JKHBOTHblMH (3TO nOTOM HaiHAO CBOe OTpaiKeHHe H B
rpeaecKOH peaHrnn). MoaeabHbie naacTHKH HaňaeHbí Ha
cesepe KapnaTCKoft kotbobukh xaTa H3 Epanna (pnc. 11)
h nepeHocHoft aarapn H3 ApeBHeHeoaHTHHecKoft o6ct3hob-
kh b BeabKHX PaniKOBHUHax (pnc. 12).
B Koupe ero paôoTbi caeaano HecKoabKO bbiboaob: 1.
XyaoAæcTBeHHoe HcnoabaoBanne fahhh b paHHeft KaMeH-
hoh anoxe npeACTaBaaeT nanaao h oAHOBpeMeHHO Bbicmyio
CTyneHb naacTHHecKoro TBopqecTBa b caoBaijKOM nepBO-
ÔblTHOOÔniHHHOM CTpoe, B HCM BHAHO TBCHyiO CBH3b HC-
KyCCTBa C AOCTHFHyTbTM COH,HaabHO-3KOHOMHHeCKHM ypOB-
H6M. 2. MOJKHO SaKOHOMepHO CHHTaTb, HTO HaHAeHbie
SKcnonaTbi HBAHioTca KOHHeň H3 eine ayante cosaaHHbtx,
ho HecoxpaHHBiHHxcsi (|)Hryp. 3. CoAeptKaTeabHbtH AeTep-
MHHH3M 6bta HenOCpeACTBeHHO CBH33H C KyabTOM. 4. Oc-
HOBHbiM CHMBoaoM HeoaHTHqecKoro nepnoAa HBaaeTctt
«MHpoatOÔHBblH» XapaKTep (npHMepOB O KpOBaBMX, AIOA-
ckhx xepTBax ne coxpaHHaocb). 5. Marna stofo nepnoaa
HanpaBAHaa TBopnecTBO b xsyx HanpaBaeHHHX: a) oôecne-
Henne naoanocTH xenuiHH, 6) naoAopoAwe 36mah.
B 3T0M H IipeACTaBASteTCH 3aBHCHMOCTb HaACTpOHKH BO
Bcex KpeCTbSIHCKHX OÔIHHOCTHX Ha aHaAOTHAHOH CTyneHH
pa3BHTHH.