0.5
1 cm
56
KEVIN E. KANDT
flected the taste of the town’s patriciate class, and if available to the art-
ist, would hâve contributed to his knowledge of antique art.49 50
By the last quarter of the 17th century a new classicizing trend in art
and architecture also became évident. The palace-like King’s Royal
Chapel, founded by Jan III Sobieski in 1678,o0 introduced a new style to
Danzig’s traditional Renaissance cityscape - Netherlandish baroque
classicism.51 The building’s monumental proportions, central plan, and
classical orders, recall structures by Italian architects like Vignola, Pal-
ladio, and Scamozzi; as well as the Netherlanders Pieter Post and Jacob
van Campen.52 The style was characteristic of Sobieski’s Polish Catholic
reign,53 and diffused throughout Poland by the Dutch-born architect Til-
man van Gameren (1632-1706),54 who was once thought to hâve designed
the Royal Chapel himself.55 The sculptural décorations on this small, but
49 For a survey of patronage, see: J. Wojtowicz, “Miejskie inwestycje kulturalne w
Prusach Krôlewskich XVI-XVIII wieku,” Zapiski Historyczne, 43(1978), nr. 2, pp. 31-33,
37-38; L. Krzyzanowski, “Rozwôj nowozytnego mecenatu mieszczanskiego w Gdansku w
XVI w.,” in Funkcja dziela sztuki: Materialy Sesji Stowarzyszenia Historykôw Sztuki,
Szczecin 1970, Warszawa 1972, pp. 185-192; and M. Bogucka, “Mieszczanin a inwestycje
kulturalne (przyklad Gdanska w XVI-XVII wieku),” Zapiski Historyczne, 43(1978), nr. 3,
pp. 53-63. The influx of European culture and leaming in Danzig, through travel and édu-
cation, is discussed by: L. Mokrzecki, “Kontakty artystyczne i naukowe Gdanska z za-
granicq w XVI-XVIII wieku,” in Rozprawy z dziejôw XVIII wieku: Z dziejôw komunikacji soc-
jalnej epoki nowozytnej, J. Wojtowicz (ed.), Toruh 1993, pp. 79-90. For the collectors and
collections: H. Sikorska, “Jan Speyman. Szkice z dziejôw mecenatu gdanskiej sztuki XVI
i XVII wieku,” Rocznik Gdanski, 27(1968), pp. 249-285; A.R. Chodynski, “Najdawniejsze
zbiory,” pp. 239-265 and again in, “Elitamosc osobowosci na przykladzie gdanskich kolek-
cjonerôw XVI-XVIII wieku,” in Mieszczanstwo gdanskie, pp. 413-418.
50 Compare: R. Curicke, Der Stadt Danzig. Historische Beschreibung, Amsterdam
and Danzig, 1687, (facsimile ed., Hamburg 1979), p. 321; B. Ranisch, Beschreibung aller
Kirchen Gebàude der Stadt Danzig, Danzig 1695, p. 18; L. Redner, Skizzen aus der Kir-
chengeschichte Danzigs, Danzig 1875; and ks. S. Bogdanowicz, Kaplica Krôlewska w
Gdansku, Gdansk 1992, pp. 4-24 and 75-78.
51 C. Gurlitt, Andréas Schlüter, Berin 1891, p. 15 and Cuny, Danzigs Kunst und
Kultur, p. 113.
52 B. Luck, “Die Kônigliche Kapelle in Danzig,” Die Denkmalpflege, 22(1920), nr. 5,
p. 35; J. Wrabec, “Kaplica Krôlewska w Gdansku. Rodowôd, pokrewienstwa oraz wy-
mowa form architektonicznych,” Porta Aurea Rocznik, 2(1993), pp. 15-30; B. Noworyta-
Kuklinska, “Kaplica Krôlewska w Gdansku. Fakty i wqtpliwosci,” Roczniki Huma-
nistyczne, 42(1994), nr. 4, pp. 165-174.
53 A. Milobqdzki, Architektura polska XVII wieku, Warszawa 1980, pp. 396ff and
Th. DaCosta Kaufmann, Court, Cloister and City: The Art and Culture of Central
Europe,1480-1800, London 1995, p. 285.
54 Milobqdzki, Architektura polska, pp. 349ff. The standard monograph on the ar-
chitect, recently published in German, is: S. Mossakowski, Tilman van Gameren. Leben
und Werk, Munich and Berlin 1994.
55 The Chapel’s attribution to Tilman was already suspect and recently re-questioned.
Milobçdzki, Architektura polska, pp. 423-424 and S. Mossakowski, “Nowe identyfi-
kacje projektôw rysunkowych Tylmana z Gameren (Pulawy, Ujazdôw, Lazienki) i domnie-
KEVIN E. KANDT
flected the taste of the town’s patriciate class, and if available to the art-
ist, would hâve contributed to his knowledge of antique art.49 50
By the last quarter of the 17th century a new classicizing trend in art
and architecture also became évident. The palace-like King’s Royal
Chapel, founded by Jan III Sobieski in 1678,o0 introduced a new style to
Danzig’s traditional Renaissance cityscape - Netherlandish baroque
classicism.51 The building’s monumental proportions, central plan, and
classical orders, recall structures by Italian architects like Vignola, Pal-
ladio, and Scamozzi; as well as the Netherlanders Pieter Post and Jacob
van Campen.52 The style was characteristic of Sobieski’s Polish Catholic
reign,53 and diffused throughout Poland by the Dutch-born architect Til-
man van Gameren (1632-1706),54 who was once thought to hâve designed
the Royal Chapel himself.55 The sculptural décorations on this small, but
49 For a survey of patronage, see: J. Wojtowicz, “Miejskie inwestycje kulturalne w
Prusach Krôlewskich XVI-XVIII wieku,” Zapiski Historyczne, 43(1978), nr. 2, pp. 31-33,
37-38; L. Krzyzanowski, “Rozwôj nowozytnego mecenatu mieszczanskiego w Gdansku w
XVI w.,” in Funkcja dziela sztuki: Materialy Sesji Stowarzyszenia Historykôw Sztuki,
Szczecin 1970, Warszawa 1972, pp. 185-192; and M. Bogucka, “Mieszczanin a inwestycje
kulturalne (przyklad Gdanska w XVI-XVII wieku),” Zapiski Historyczne, 43(1978), nr. 3,
pp. 53-63. The influx of European culture and leaming in Danzig, through travel and édu-
cation, is discussed by: L. Mokrzecki, “Kontakty artystyczne i naukowe Gdanska z za-
granicq w XVI-XVIII wieku,” in Rozprawy z dziejôw XVIII wieku: Z dziejôw komunikacji soc-
jalnej epoki nowozytnej, J. Wojtowicz (ed.), Toruh 1993, pp. 79-90. For the collectors and
collections: H. Sikorska, “Jan Speyman. Szkice z dziejôw mecenatu gdanskiej sztuki XVI
i XVII wieku,” Rocznik Gdanski, 27(1968), pp. 249-285; A.R. Chodynski, “Najdawniejsze
zbiory,” pp. 239-265 and again in, “Elitamosc osobowosci na przykladzie gdanskich kolek-
cjonerôw XVI-XVIII wieku,” in Mieszczanstwo gdanskie, pp. 413-418.
50 Compare: R. Curicke, Der Stadt Danzig. Historische Beschreibung, Amsterdam
and Danzig, 1687, (facsimile ed., Hamburg 1979), p. 321; B. Ranisch, Beschreibung aller
Kirchen Gebàude der Stadt Danzig, Danzig 1695, p. 18; L. Redner, Skizzen aus der Kir-
chengeschichte Danzigs, Danzig 1875; and ks. S. Bogdanowicz, Kaplica Krôlewska w
Gdansku, Gdansk 1992, pp. 4-24 and 75-78.
51 C. Gurlitt, Andréas Schlüter, Berin 1891, p. 15 and Cuny, Danzigs Kunst und
Kultur, p. 113.
52 B. Luck, “Die Kônigliche Kapelle in Danzig,” Die Denkmalpflege, 22(1920), nr. 5,
p. 35; J. Wrabec, “Kaplica Krôlewska w Gdansku. Rodowôd, pokrewienstwa oraz wy-
mowa form architektonicznych,” Porta Aurea Rocznik, 2(1993), pp. 15-30; B. Noworyta-
Kuklinska, “Kaplica Krôlewska w Gdansku. Fakty i wqtpliwosci,” Roczniki Huma-
nistyczne, 42(1994), nr. 4, pp. 165-174.
53 A. Milobqdzki, Architektura polska XVII wieku, Warszawa 1980, pp. 396ff and
Th. DaCosta Kaufmann, Court, Cloister and City: The Art and Culture of Central
Europe,1480-1800, London 1995, p. 285.
54 Milobqdzki, Architektura polska, pp. 349ff. The standard monograph on the ar-
chitect, recently published in German, is: S. Mossakowski, Tilman van Gameren. Leben
und Werk, Munich and Berlin 1994.
55 The Chapel’s attribution to Tilman was already suspect and recently re-questioned.
Milobçdzki, Architektura polska, pp. 423-424 and S. Mossakowski, “Nowe identyfi-
kacje projektôw rysunkowych Tylmana z Gameren (Pulawy, Ujazdôw, Lazienki) i domnie-
