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July 1622, to celebrate the canonisation of Ignatius Loyola, Francis Xavier and others. Some
question arose of a 1618-20 dating for one study of the group, that belonging now to Lord Head,
sińce a headdress similar to one worn by an actual oriental in that was introduced by Rubens
into one of his altarpieces for the Antwerp Jesuits, the Mirach of St. Francis Xavier: but Ludwig
Burchard and R. A. d'Hulst propose a date for the remainder between 1622 and Rubens's depar-
ture for Spain in 1628. The shimmering of light and shade on stuff, the security and amplitudę of
stance, and the vitality of folds ranges the Warsaw drawiag with these others: but there is no
cruestion of having to try and determine its date by stylistic comparison unaided. In Spinola's
career it must be dated within the comparatively short span of years that he was available for
Rubens to draw him.

Spinola, who had commanded the Spanish troops in 1604 at the capture of Ostend, was recal-
led to siege warfare in the Netherlands at the expiry of the Twelve Years' Truce in April 1621.
Maurice of Nassau succumbed to him at Breda in 1625; and as victor he was loaded with honours,
including the Golden Fleece, by the grateful rulers of Catholic Europę. Less than seven years
later he was summoned suddenly to the Spanish Court to account for his policies, the splendour
of his triumph at Breda overshadowed by the jealousy of the Conde Duque de 01ivares. On 3
January 1628 he left Brussels for Madrid, accompanied by his second in command, the Marąuis
de Leganes. Despite his loyal intentions, he was never to return to the Netherlands. Before the

K X

$ 4^ rf* tg

10. Rubens, Jesuit in Chinese Dress, formerly Hobhouse collection, Hadspen,

Somerset (England)

96
 
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