DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.749#0109
THE TEMPLE
PAGE 167
southeast of the Touleuterion. The marks of hammer and
chisel, still to he seen upon some of the coffered beams, are the
same as those observed throughout the temple. The brush-
hammered finish upon the sides, forming a shallow anathy-
rosis, is like that upon all the blocks of the entablature; and
finally the beds of the blocks frequently show near their ends
rectangular notches, cut to receive the end of the lifting crow-
bar used to shift the stone. On all of the ceiling blocks dis-
covered, lewis holes were cut for lifting the stones. The lewis
does not appear in any other part of the temple structure. At
first it was thought that these stones could not be identified as
belonging to the temple on account of this mode of lifting,
but lewis holes are to be found at Olympia on fragments of
the oldest ruins. They also appear upon blocks of the archaic
Doric temples A, R, D, and T at Selinous.”
Note. The Editor is obliged to record here a different conclusion
from that held by Mr. Clarke concerning the stone ceiling of the tem-
ple at Assos. It is his opinion, and in this Mr. Koldewey fully agrees
with him, that these coffered ceiling blocks found in so many differ-
ent places did not belong to the temple and that the ceiling of the
pteroma was probably of wood. The lewis holes occurring alone in
the coffered blocks and in no other part of the temple is certainly an
indication that they belonged elsewhere. The seven blocks referred to
as being found in a portico, west of the bazaar, probably belonged to
the portico itself, as they were of a size suited to its ceiling, and the
fragments of the portico were of the same workmanship. The other
five blocks, southeast of the bouleuterion also could, with more prob-
ability, belong to the building in which they were found. Mr. Clarke’s
statement concerning the use of the lewis hole in the temples at Selinous
is not correct, as since Mr. Clarke’s report was printed those temples
have been thoroughly investigated by Mr. Koldewey, who states that
the lewis does not occur in temple “ D ” and that Temples A, R, and
T, are late temples instead of being archaic. Finally, the great span of
the pronaos, of over four meters, would make it unlikely that stone
beams could be made to support a heavy stone ceiling. Dr. W.
Dorpfeld, to whom the question was submitted, wrote as follows —
“ Ihre Anfrage fiber den Tempel in Assos kann ich dahin beantworten,
dass ich auch der Ansicht bin, dass der Tempel eine Holzdecke gehabt
hat. Alle Cellen hatten Decken aus Holz und in den Pronaoi kommen
Steindecken nur sehr selten vor. Sie konnen meines Erachtens ohne
Bedenken zu dem Text von Clarke die Bemerkung hinzufiigen, dass
die Steindecke wahrscheinlich unrichtig ist.”
Athen 28 Februar 1907
The soffit of the corona was so divided that the mutules
above the metopes upon the side of the building were only
about three-fifths as broad as those over the triglyphs. Upon
the front the greater width of the intercolumniations increased
this proportion to seven-eighths; and a similar increase was
noticeable next to the corners of the sides, where the triglyph
was not in the axis of the column. Like the regulae, the mu-
tules were without guttae.
There were no indications whatever which could lead to a
belief that the tympanon was ornamented by sculptures. On
the contrary, the entire lack of such an extensive dowelling
as would have been rendered necessary by the presence of
statues is quite sufficient to prove that gable groups never ex-
isted.
In the variety of methods employed in lifting the cornice
blocks of the temple of Assos, we have another indication that
many independent hands were engaged upon the structure.
Throughout the edifice there is an entire lack of constructive
as well as of artistic unity.
Having been set in position, the cornice blocks were united
by iron cramps, sunk into the upper surface of the stone at
about the middle of the bed, namely, 70 cm. from the face
of the corona. These cramps, averaging 2 cm. in section, were
formed of exceedingly tough wrought iron, and were set by
a lead casting. A specimen is preserved in the Museum at
Boston, No. M. 578.
'Ebe cornice block from the southeastern corner of the
edifice is of particular interest, inasmuch as it displays almost
all the marks of dowels, cramps, lifting holes, etc., occurring
upon the course to which it belongs (Page 155, Fig. 4).
Along the sloping upper surface, at a distance of 18 cm.
from the front, there is cut a groove, front two to four centi-
meters deep, the purpose of which was evidently to hold the
bent inner edge of a course of ornamental tiles, interposed be-
tween the cornice and the terra-cotta antefixes. A single frag-
ment of this original course, now in the Museum at Boston
(P. 4258), was found upon the site of the temple during the
digging of the second year (Page 167, Fig. 1). It is of dark gray
clay, primed with black, is 54 mm. thick, and bears in relief
the lines of a meander ornament. During a restoration of the
roof, which appears to have been made at least two centuries
after the completion of the building, this moulding was re-
placed by a band of terra-cotta, of about the same thickness,
but of an entirely different material, much more porous and
lighter in color. The peculiarity of this band is that only those
Fig. 1. Fragment of Terra-Cotta Roof Tile
parts of its edge which were situated immediately beneath the
antefixes were ornamented, these sections, exactly as long as
the original antefixes were wide, having a wave pattern, of the
usual Greek type, but quite foreign to the Doric grammar of
ornament.
One of the painted antefixes of the temple was discovered.
This fine specimen of archaic Doric terra-cotta, now in the
Museum at Boston, is remarkable for the richness of the colors,
deep red and black, still to be seen upon it. It is formed of a
coarse and porous kernel, coated with a priming of fine clay
and powdered flint, technically known as a slip, the oxide of
iron contained in which gives to the surface its delicate reddish
fawn tint. (Page 16 1.)
The antefixes, which terminated the lines of the tegulae,
were attached to the cornice by two circular dowels of iron,
about 1 cm. in diameter, these evidently having been carried
through the intervening plates of terra-cotta. The holes in
which these pins were inserted were neatly bored to a depth
of not less than 7 cm. Their positions upon the upper surfaces
of the cornice blocks show the antefixes to have been spaced
at a distance averaging between 63 and 64 cm. from center to
center, and thus consequently to have been arranged without
the slightest reference to the mutules beneath them.
The roofing of Doric temples seems always to have been
constructed without purlins or cross slats,— the tiles lying
directly upon the inclined timbers. The spacing of the ante-
fixes consequently determines also the distance of the rafters
PAGE 167
southeast of the Touleuterion. The marks of hammer and
chisel, still to he seen upon some of the coffered beams, are the
same as those observed throughout the temple. The brush-
hammered finish upon the sides, forming a shallow anathy-
rosis, is like that upon all the blocks of the entablature; and
finally the beds of the blocks frequently show near their ends
rectangular notches, cut to receive the end of the lifting crow-
bar used to shift the stone. On all of the ceiling blocks dis-
covered, lewis holes were cut for lifting the stones. The lewis
does not appear in any other part of the temple structure. At
first it was thought that these stones could not be identified as
belonging to the temple on account of this mode of lifting,
but lewis holes are to be found at Olympia on fragments of
the oldest ruins. They also appear upon blocks of the archaic
Doric temples A, R, D, and T at Selinous.”
Note. The Editor is obliged to record here a different conclusion
from that held by Mr. Clarke concerning the stone ceiling of the tem-
ple at Assos. It is his opinion, and in this Mr. Koldewey fully agrees
with him, that these coffered ceiling blocks found in so many differ-
ent places did not belong to the temple and that the ceiling of the
pteroma was probably of wood. The lewis holes occurring alone in
the coffered blocks and in no other part of the temple is certainly an
indication that they belonged elsewhere. The seven blocks referred to
as being found in a portico, west of the bazaar, probably belonged to
the portico itself, as they were of a size suited to its ceiling, and the
fragments of the portico were of the same workmanship. The other
five blocks, southeast of the bouleuterion also could, with more prob-
ability, belong to the building in which they were found. Mr. Clarke’s
statement concerning the use of the lewis hole in the temples at Selinous
is not correct, as since Mr. Clarke’s report was printed those temples
have been thoroughly investigated by Mr. Koldewey, who states that
the lewis does not occur in temple “ D ” and that Temples A, R, and
T, are late temples instead of being archaic. Finally, the great span of
the pronaos, of over four meters, would make it unlikely that stone
beams could be made to support a heavy stone ceiling. Dr. W.
Dorpfeld, to whom the question was submitted, wrote as follows —
“ Ihre Anfrage fiber den Tempel in Assos kann ich dahin beantworten,
dass ich auch der Ansicht bin, dass der Tempel eine Holzdecke gehabt
hat. Alle Cellen hatten Decken aus Holz und in den Pronaoi kommen
Steindecken nur sehr selten vor. Sie konnen meines Erachtens ohne
Bedenken zu dem Text von Clarke die Bemerkung hinzufiigen, dass
die Steindecke wahrscheinlich unrichtig ist.”
Athen 28 Februar 1907
The soffit of the corona was so divided that the mutules
above the metopes upon the side of the building were only
about three-fifths as broad as those over the triglyphs. Upon
the front the greater width of the intercolumniations increased
this proportion to seven-eighths; and a similar increase was
noticeable next to the corners of the sides, where the triglyph
was not in the axis of the column. Like the regulae, the mu-
tules were without guttae.
There were no indications whatever which could lead to a
belief that the tympanon was ornamented by sculptures. On
the contrary, the entire lack of such an extensive dowelling
as would have been rendered necessary by the presence of
statues is quite sufficient to prove that gable groups never ex-
isted.
In the variety of methods employed in lifting the cornice
blocks of the temple of Assos, we have another indication that
many independent hands were engaged upon the structure.
Throughout the edifice there is an entire lack of constructive
as well as of artistic unity.
Having been set in position, the cornice blocks were united
by iron cramps, sunk into the upper surface of the stone at
about the middle of the bed, namely, 70 cm. from the face
of the corona. These cramps, averaging 2 cm. in section, were
formed of exceedingly tough wrought iron, and were set by
a lead casting. A specimen is preserved in the Museum at
Boston, No. M. 578.
'Ebe cornice block from the southeastern corner of the
edifice is of particular interest, inasmuch as it displays almost
all the marks of dowels, cramps, lifting holes, etc., occurring
upon the course to which it belongs (Page 155, Fig. 4).
Along the sloping upper surface, at a distance of 18 cm.
from the front, there is cut a groove, front two to four centi-
meters deep, the purpose of which was evidently to hold the
bent inner edge of a course of ornamental tiles, interposed be-
tween the cornice and the terra-cotta antefixes. A single frag-
ment of this original course, now in the Museum at Boston
(P. 4258), was found upon the site of the temple during the
digging of the second year (Page 167, Fig. 1). It is of dark gray
clay, primed with black, is 54 mm. thick, and bears in relief
the lines of a meander ornament. During a restoration of the
roof, which appears to have been made at least two centuries
after the completion of the building, this moulding was re-
placed by a band of terra-cotta, of about the same thickness,
but of an entirely different material, much more porous and
lighter in color. The peculiarity of this band is that only those
Fig. 1. Fragment of Terra-Cotta Roof Tile
parts of its edge which were situated immediately beneath the
antefixes were ornamented, these sections, exactly as long as
the original antefixes were wide, having a wave pattern, of the
usual Greek type, but quite foreign to the Doric grammar of
ornament.
One of the painted antefixes of the temple was discovered.
This fine specimen of archaic Doric terra-cotta, now in the
Museum at Boston, is remarkable for the richness of the colors,
deep red and black, still to be seen upon it. It is formed of a
coarse and porous kernel, coated with a priming of fine clay
and powdered flint, technically known as a slip, the oxide of
iron contained in which gives to the surface its delicate reddish
fawn tint. (Page 16 1.)
The antefixes, which terminated the lines of the tegulae,
were attached to the cornice by two circular dowels of iron,
about 1 cm. in diameter, these evidently having been carried
through the intervening plates of terra-cotta. The holes in
which these pins were inserted were neatly bored to a depth
of not less than 7 cm. Their positions upon the upper surfaces
of the cornice blocks show the antefixes to have been spaced
at a distance averaging between 63 and 64 cm. from center to
center, and thus consequently to have been arranged without
the slightest reference to the mutules beneath them.
The roofing of Doric temples seems always to have been
constructed without purlins or cross slats,— the tiles lying
directly upon the inclined timbers. The spacing of the ante-
fixes consequently determines also the distance of the rafters