Dennis, George: The cities and cemeteries of Etruria: in two volumes (Band 1) (London, 1848)

chap, xx.] THE SITE DISPUTED. 389

colony of Tarquinii, raised solely for purposes of com-
merce ; and it must have followed the fortunes of its
mother-city. Yet it fell into the hands of the Romans at
an earlier period, for it was taken from Tarquinii. In the
year 573 (181 B.C.) it became a Roman colony,5 and it
appears to have been in existence as late as Trajan,6 but
in the time of Rutilius it was in utter ruin, and scarcely a
vestige of it was visible.7 If this were the case 1450 years
since, what can we expect to find now % Its general posi-
tion is pretty clearly indicated by ancient writers, but its
precise site has not been satisfactorily determined,—most
placing it near the Porto San Clementino, between the
moutbs of the Marta and Mignone8—Westphal alone
pointing out a site on the right bank of the Marta.9 I
have visited both spots, and have come to the opinion that
the latter is the true site of Graviscse.

S. Clementino, or Le Saline, as it is called from the
neighbouring salt-works, is a small port, four or five miles
below Corneto. Though called a port, it is scarcely a
village—a large Dogana, a puny fort, and a few hovels
inhabited by the labourers in the salt-works, are its sole

pp. 5, 7) finds fault with this conjecture, tinus (de Coloniis) speaks of a later

but Miiller (Etrusk. I. p. 340) confirms colonisation of Graviscse by Augustus,

it, and says the types of these coins are and says that Tiberius marked out its

wholly Agrigentine, and that the omis- ager by huge stones,

sion of the initial A is not uncommon, 6 This is learned from the designation

so that Vpayas was probably used for of a legion as " Ulpia" on one of the

Axpayas. Millingen (Medailles Inedites, inscriptions found at Tarquinii, and

cited by Miiller) refers these coins to which refers to Graviscse. It is given

Crastos in Iapygia ; and Cramer (An- in Ann. Inst. 1832, p. 152.

cient Italy, I. p. 197) following Sestini, 7 Rutil. Itin. I. 281.

to Graia Callipolis, in the same part of 8 Cluver. II. p. 484. Cramer, Ancient

Italy. Italy, I. p. 197. Micali, Ant. Pop. Ital.

5 Liv. loc. cit.; V. Patereulus (I. 15) I. p. 146 ; Abeken, Mittelitalien, p. 36.

dates this event a year earlier. Fabretti This view is based on the Itineraries

(X. p. 748) gives a Latin inscription given above. Holstenius and Dempster

which refers the colony to Claudius offer no opinion on the site of Graviscse.

Pulcher, consul in the year 570. Fron- 9 Ann. Inst. 1830, pp. 28, 30.