DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.809#0019
CONTENTS xix
PAGE
§ 44. Mallia and Niru Khani: Insignia of Priest-King and Propa-
gandist Depot . .......-''.'""'. . 267
M. M, la Culture marked by direct Eastern contact; Suggestions of Anatolian
relations; First appearance of Cretan Palaces—Early example at Mallia, East of
Knossos; Its M. M. I a date; Analogies with Plan of Sendjirli; Royal Apartments
and Loggia; Insignia of Priest-King found in Mallia Palace; Find of Ceremonial
Arms—Dagger, and Long Sword of State; Ritual Axe with forepart of Leopard;
Oriental parallels for its zoomorphic character; Sumerian prototypes; Mallia
weapons illustrate dual aspect of Priest-Kings; Evidences of their theocratic func-
tions ; Anatolian and Syrian range of Minoan Cult of Mother and Child ; Emotional
element in Minoan Religion ; Root Affinities with Christian ideas; Mourning rites
over grave of Mortal God ; Ideas of After-Life symbolized by chrysalises and butter-
flies on ' Ring of Nestor'; ' Tomb of Double Axes' at Knossos, also a' Shrine;
Suggestions of moral side to Minoan Religion; Weighing of the butterfly Soul;
Consistent decorum of Minoan Art; Was there a propagandist element in the
Religion ? Presumptions supplied by remains at Niru Khani; Exceptional character
of building; Huge ritual Double Axes; Stacks of Tripod Altars ; ' Sacral Knot' on
wall; A warehouse for distribution of Cult objects ; Export for Overseas propa-
ganda.
§ 45. Evidences of Earthquake Shock at Knossos : S.E. Angle of
Palace and Overwhelmed Houses......%86
Resume of formative influences at Knossos—wide early relations, resulting in many-
sided culture; Culmination of Civilization in Middle Minoan Age; Great Catas-
trophe about end of M. M. II; Restored splendour checked by another great over-
throw in M. M. Ill b ; Physical character of this; Earthing under of earlier Store-
Rooms, &c.—a vast Interment; General indications of a great Earthquake ;• Specific
evidences of seismic action at S.E. Angle; Its subsidence due to artificial cavity
below; Its Exploration—rock-hewn pillars and deep Cove; Early Mine for Red
Earth ; Investigation of submerged houses bordering S.E. Angle ; ' House of Fallen
Blocks '—evidences of Earthquake ; M. M. Ill contents; Basements reached by
ladders—' Tower Houses '; Typical Section of M. M. Ill Town ; M. M. II houses
below, with fine egg-shell pottery ; ' House of the Sacrificed Oxen'; Heads of Urus
Bulls and Tripod Altars ; Expiatory sacrifice, before ceremonial filling in; Rich
deposit of M. M. Ill domestic pottery ; Suspension pots—perhaps for nesting swal-
lows ; Egg-stands ; ' Ariadne's Clew-box'; Parts of painted stucco relief of bull;
Terra-cotta relief of youth of 'Cup-bearer' type; Earthquake coincides with mature
M. M. Ill b phase, but not its actual term ; Shrinking of Palace boundaries.
§ 46. Knossos and Candia Earthquake Centres: the Reaction of
Seismic Conditions on Minoan Cult......313
Propitiatory ritual and Ceremonial filling in of ' House of the Sacrifice'; Knossos
and Candia great Earthquake Centres; Long Succession of Historic Earthquakes;
Venetian Duke's Account of great Earthquake of 1508; Earthquake at Candia of
1856 ; Its Course from Malta to Rhodes; Average of two serious Earthquakes to a
Century; Earthquake of June 26, 1926—Personal experiences; Destructive Effects
in Town and Villages ; Damage to Museum ; Course and Epicentre similar to
Earthquake of 1856; Ida a barrier; Knossos more liable to Earthquakes than
Phaestos ; Importance of seismic factor in its history; Chief breaks in continuity
ascribed to this Cause ; Political Effects of Earthquakes ; Impulse towards emigra-
tion; Probable Connexion with Chthonic aspects of Minoan Cult; Sunken Lustral
Basins and Pillar Crypts; Pillar Cult of Goddess as the ' Stablisher '; Sacrifice of
Bulls; Arrangements for sacrificial offerings in Pillar Crypt of 'Royal Villa'; The
' Earth-shaker ' as a Bull in popular belief.
b 2
PAGE
§ 44. Mallia and Niru Khani: Insignia of Priest-King and Propa-
gandist Depot . .......-''.'""'. . 267
M. M, la Culture marked by direct Eastern contact; Suggestions of Anatolian
relations; First appearance of Cretan Palaces—Early example at Mallia, East of
Knossos; Its M. M. I a date; Analogies with Plan of Sendjirli; Royal Apartments
and Loggia; Insignia of Priest-King found in Mallia Palace; Find of Ceremonial
Arms—Dagger, and Long Sword of State; Ritual Axe with forepart of Leopard;
Oriental parallels for its zoomorphic character; Sumerian prototypes; Mallia
weapons illustrate dual aspect of Priest-Kings; Evidences of their theocratic func-
tions ; Anatolian and Syrian range of Minoan Cult of Mother and Child ; Emotional
element in Minoan Religion ; Root Affinities with Christian ideas; Mourning rites
over grave of Mortal God ; Ideas of After-Life symbolized by chrysalises and butter-
flies on ' Ring of Nestor'; ' Tomb of Double Axes' at Knossos, also a' Shrine;
Suggestions of moral side to Minoan Religion; Weighing of the butterfly Soul;
Consistent decorum of Minoan Art; Was there a propagandist element in the
Religion ? Presumptions supplied by remains at Niru Khani; Exceptional character
of building; Huge ritual Double Axes; Stacks of Tripod Altars ; ' Sacral Knot' on
wall; A warehouse for distribution of Cult objects ; Export for Overseas propa-
ganda.
§ 45. Evidences of Earthquake Shock at Knossos : S.E. Angle of
Palace and Overwhelmed Houses......%86
Resume of formative influences at Knossos—wide early relations, resulting in many-
sided culture; Culmination of Civilization in Middle Minoan Age; Great Catas-
trophe about end of M. M. II; Restored splendour checked by another great over-
throw in M. M. Ill b ; Physical character of this; Earthing under of earlier Store-
Rooms, &c.—a vast Interment; General indications of a great Earthquake ;• Specific
evidences of seismic action at S.E. Angle; Its subsidence due to artificial cavity
below; Its Exploration—rock-hewn pillars and deep Cove; Early Mine for Red
Earth ; Investigation of submerged houses bordering S.E. Angle ; ' House of Fallen
Blocks '—evidences of Earthquake ; M. M. Ill contents; Basements reached by
ladders—' Tower Houses '; Typical Section of M. M. Ill Town ; M. M. II houses
below, with fine egg-shell pottery ; ' House of the Sacrificed Oxen'; Heads of Urus
Bulls and Tripod Altars ; Expiatory sacrifice, before ceremonial filling in; Rich
deposit of M. M. Ill domestic pottery ; Suspension pots—perhaps for nesting swal-
lows ; Egg-stands ; ' Ariadne's Clew-box'; Parts of painted stucco relief of bull;
Terra-cotta relief of youth of 'Cup-bearer' type; Earthquake coincides with mature
M. M. Ill b phase, but not its actual term ; Shrinking of Palace boundaries.
§ 46. Knossos and Candia Earthquake Centres: the Reaction of
Seismic Conditions on Minoan Cult......313
Propitiatory ritual and Ceremonial filling in of ' House of the Sacrifice'; Knossos
and Candia great Earthquake Centres; Long Succession of Historic Earthquakes;
Venetian Duke's Account of great Earthquake of 1508; Earthquake at Candia of
1856 ; Its Course from Malta to Rhodes; Average of two serious Earthquakes to a
Century; Earthquake of June 26, 1926—Personal experiences; Destructive Effects
in Town and Villages ; Damage to Museum ; Course and Epicentre similar to
Earthquake of 1856; Ida a barrier; Knossos more liable to Earthquakes than
Phaestos ; Importance of seismic factor in its history; Chief breaks in continuity
ascribed to this Cause ; Political Effects of Earthquakes ; Impulse towards emigra-
tion; Probable Connexion with Chthonic aspects of Minoan Cult; Sunken Lustral
Basins and Pillar Crypts; Pillar Cult of Goddess as the ' Stablisher '; Sacrifice of
Bulls; Arrangements for sacrificial offerings in Pillar Crypt of 'Royal Villa'; The
' Earth-shaker ' as a Bull in popular belief.
b 2