Howard, Frank: The sketcher's manual: or, the whole art of picture making reduced to the simplest principles by which amateurs may instruct themselves without the aid of a master (London, 1841)

CHAPTER I.

ELEMENTS OF PICTURES.

It is the desire of all sketchers to make
pictures : and the most obvious course of study
will be, to inquire into the nature of the
subject to which their endeavours are directed.

Section I.

DEFINITION OF A PICTURE.

The mere representation of any object, without
back-ground or accessories,

is not a picture, in the sense for which the word
is required in this work.