Notae Numismaticae - Zapiski Numizmatyczne (11.2016)

RECENZJE / REYIEWS

356

counters, and coin-like objects. Hopefully, other aspects of the calculological
discipline not addressed in this essay will be given morę space in K.M. Kowalski’s
futurę book (Adiutor historicus ...). It is essential to specify precisely the object
of calculological studies and to define individual groups of calculological objects:
tokens, counters, jetons, medalets, and others. The definitions of these objects
absolutely need clarification given the variability of terminology used both
in the literaturę on this subject and in colloąuial language. Despite their similar
appearance, raw materiał, and manufacturing methods, calculological objects may
at times be diametrically ditferent in their purpose and uses.
Besides the “Calculological Artefacts as a Source of Historical Knowledge”
essay, the first part of the book includes ten other chapters, nine of which focus
on specific tokens and counters: Gdańsk church tokens from the 16th to the 18th
century, 16th— 18th-century lead tokens with images of scissors, aNuremberg counter
from 1573, Louis ILs supposed mouming token from 1712, D. Hill & Company’s
token from 1825, a token commemorating Friedrich Schiller, a token and a
counter commemorating the inauguration of Louis IV’s Railways, a token issued
in commemoration of the founding of the Jewish hospital in Hamburg, an advertising
token of a chemisfs company from Kolberg. The subject of the last chapter in
the first part of the book is an object which definitely is neither a token nor
a counter but rather a merchant discount voucher stamp from Bielany Wrocławskie
from the late 19th or early 20th century, used for duplicating paper vouchers. These
may be classified as part of the group of transaction vouchers, related to transaction
tokens, which would explain why the description of this artefact has been included
by the author in the same part of the book as that on the tokens; nevertheless,
the placement of the chapter here is not fully compatible with the precisely specified
title of the first part of the book (“Tokens and Counters”).
In part two, “Medals, Medallions and Medalets,” there are six chapters
dedicated, in the order that they appear, to the following topics: a religious medal
from the mid-19th century, a medal commemorating the 400th anniversary of Martin
Luther’s birth, a medallion celebrating the memory of Ludwig Windthorst, a medal
commemorating the Arminius monument from 1925, a medal of the Konigsberg
Distance Cycling Club from 1896, and 19th century begging medallions. Part
three, dedicated to graphic designs related to numismatics, includes two chapters,
one addressing the 16th-century representations from Nuremberg of a moneyer’s
atelier, and the other, a 19th/20th century bookplate of F. R. Meyer, a numismatist
from Cologne. Part four, “Numismatical Deltiology,” contains three chapters
concerned with early 20th-century postcards with representations of coins and
a banknote. Finally, part five, “Historical Materials Related to Numismatics
Collecting,” includes a single study which reports on the findings from an analysis