Passavant, Johann David: Raphael of Urbino and his father Giovanni Santi (London , New York: MacMillan and Co., 1872)

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in ber band in token of command and two attendant genii nt ber side,
s^mboli^s tire victory of wisdom over bruts instinct.
Between tbs fresco of Bbilosopb^ and tbat of jurisprudence, tire
transition picture is a "judgment of Lolomon," a well clrosen subject,
as tiris celebrated judgment, wiricir migbt well be called a pbilosopbical
judgment, was not dictated b^ tbe written law, but b^ a knowledge of
bunran nature.
Ibe allegorical figure of justice serves as an epigrapb to tbe painting
symbolizing "jurisprudence." Her bead is adorned b/ a diadem, and in
ber bands sbe bolds tbe sword anci balance, ber usual attributes. lbour
little genii surround ber, bearing tbis inscription: "jus suurn unicuic^ue
tribuens."
In tbe system of Aristotle, Morality is tbe basis of law.' Ibe
inscription is also in accordance witb tbs definition given in tbe boob of
bltbics, wbicb tbe pbilosopber of Ltagira bolds in bis bands, in tbe fresco
of tbe " Lcbool of ^tbens."
dlbe wall below tbis figure of justice, as well as tbat on wbicb tbe
Barnassus is painted, is pierced b^ a window in tbe centre. Bapbael
divided it into tbree compartments : an arcb above tbe window, witb tbe
wider spaces on eacb side.
lire arcb presents tbe allegorical figures of Borce, Brudence and
Moderation, expressing witb tbe justice above, tbe four cardinal virtues,
already celebrated botb b/ bindar and also b/ Blato, and witbout wbicb
an)? legislature is insufficient.
brudence or ^Visdom is in tbe centre. Leeing at once botb tbe past
and tbe future sbe bas, like janus, a double face, a profile of a ^oung
woman and of an old man. genius is presenting ber witb tbe mirror
of self-knowledge; anotber genius is waving a torcb, tbe symbol of
worldly knowledge, before tbe countenance of tbe old man. On ber
breast, as on tbat of Minerva, sbines tbe ^Hgis witb tbe bead of Medusa.
" bores," clotbsd in armour, is bolding an olive brancb in token of
peace ; " Moderation " bolds a bridle.
Ibe paintings on eitber side of tbe window recall tbe guarantees of
jurisdiction given b)/ justinian and Oregor^ IX., wbo collected and
arranged, tbe former tbe ancient temporal laws, tbe latter tbe laws of
tbe cburcb.

1 " Aristotle," cb. 5.