DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.20836#0061
Messrs. ie ScUa^mtweits’ India and Hi^hAsia..
ILLrsTIIATIOXS OF THE METEOKOLOCtY OF INDIA AID IIKtLI asia.
Meteorological Maps and Tadles Ns 4
B¥
HERMANN DE SCHLAGrlNTWEIT-SAKUNLUNSKI.
I. TEMPEEATUBE OF THE AIR: 4, STATIONS AID ISOTHERMAL PROFILES OF HI6H ASIA,
UENERAL VARXATION OF TEMPERATURE, AND CHART OF INDIAN TROPICAL 8ANITARIA.
N U M E R I C A I
j
T A B L I
7\
J
0 F
T H F
M E, A N
T E M P E R A T U R E
1. BHUTAN, SIKKIM, NEPAL; EASTERN HIMALAYA
2. KAMAON, GARHVAL, SIMLA; CENTRAL HIMALAYA.
3. KULU, CHAMBA, LAHOL, KASHMIR, MARRI; NORTHWESTERN IirMALAYA.
4. WESTERN TIBET. AND TURKISTAN.
1
Lat. N.
Long.E.Gr
Helght j
Jan-
Pebr
Mtrch ;
Apr. j
Mny
June
July
Aug.
Sept. J
Oct. |
Nov. i
Dcc.
D. J.F.
M.A.M.
J. J.A.
S. O.N.j
Year
NariguD,easternBhut4n *
28 53-8
92 6’0
3,642
46-6
52
60
62
68
73
■74
74
71
67
58
52
50-2
63-3
73-7
65-3
63’1
Bhutan, westernProvinc.:
Devangiri.
26 51
91 30
2,150
55
Tassg6ng..
27 20
91 38
3,182
—
534
Punakha ......
27 35
89 34
3,739
—
—
—
66
Sasi.
27 8
91 29
4,325
47
Lenglung Castle . .
27 39
91 12
4,523
—
51
Tassangsi Castle . .
27 34 ■
91 33
5,387
—
43
Tongso Eort ....
27 30
90 19
6,527
—
—
50
Pankabari, in Sikkim
26 49
88 14
1,790
_
_
_
67-4
_
_
_
80-0
Darjiling, „ „ a
27 3"0
88 15-3
7,168
42-0
44-4
50-1
54-8
58-7
61-8
62-9
62-6
61-1
57-0
52-8
44-2
43-5
54-5
62-4
57-0
544
T6ngioPeak„ , 5
27 1-8
88 3-9
10,080
—
—
—
—
48’0
Falut Peak „ „ Z
27 13-7
87 59.8
12,042
—
—
—
—
4
6.9
•
Kathmandu, Capital of
Nepal ........ p
27 42-1
85 12-2
4,354
45-4
50-3
56*6f 61-6
67-5
72-1
73-1
.73-1
70-7
64-7
55-6
49-5
48-4
61-9
72-8
63’7
61-7
Lohughr.t,
Havalbagh,
Almora,
Nainital,
Mllum,
Dera,
Landaur,
Massuri,
Jhosimath,
Badrinath,
Niti,
Sahathu,
Ddgshai,
Kotghar,
Kassauli,
Simla,
)in Garhval
in Simla
1
Lat. N.
Long.E.Gr
Hcight
Jan.
Feb. jMarch
Apr.
M.y 1
J une |
July j
Auy.
Sept. |
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
D. J.F.
M.A.M.
^J. J. A.
S.O.N.
29 24
80 4
5,649
44-5
45-8
52-3
60-9
66’0
71-0
71-1
70.7
68-7
63-1
51*9
46*4
45-6
59-7
70-9
61-2
29 38
79 37
4,114
47
55
61
66
73
76
78
79
75
69
60
52
50-8
66-6
77-6
68-0
U
29 35-2
79 37’9
5,546
y?-5
54-8
58-4
65*3
71’3
75‘2
73-2
72-6
72-4
66-4
59-8
53-2
51-8
65-0
73-7
66-2
F
29 23-6
79 30-9
6,634
42-5
46-4
55-5
59-3
64-1
69-6
65*3
66-0
63-2
58-1
55-0
48-4
45-8
59-6
67-0
58-8
i1
30 34-6
79 54-8
11,265
—
—
—
—
—
63*5
5
30 18-9
78 1-0
2,240
54-5
59-6
65-
74-3
80-7
83-9
80-4
78-4
77-2
70-5
61-5
55-1
56'4
73-6
80-9
69-7
30 27
78 8
7,511
37-8
43-2
48-6
56’5
63-0
67-5
64-5
63-9
62-8
54-6
49-3
41-7
40-9
56-0
65-3
55-6
30 27’6
78 3-0
6,715
45-2
48-2
53-5
65’1
68-2
64-7
66-7
64-2
64-9
62-0
(53)
(46)
46-5
62-3
65-2
60-0
U
30 34
79 29
4,724
—
—
—
—
—
—
(69-8)
79 20
10,124
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
58-0
30 48
79 34
11,464
—
—
—
—
—
—
65-4
.4
30 58-5
76 58-5
4,205
_
_
_
_
_
81-2
77-6
74-6
75-3
70-2
64-1
.6
30 53’1
77 2-2
6,025
39
53-6
58
63-4
69-0
74-3
68-6
67-8
66*6
63’6
56"5
46-7
46-4
63-5
70-2
62-2
30 19
77 28
6,412
42-4
49-9
54-1
60-5
69-1
71-0
68-5
68-0
66-4
57-7
49-4
46-5
46-3
61-2
69-2
57-8
30 54
77 3
6,650
39-G
39-6
54-8
54-2
64-2
69-3
67-2
65-9
66-1
61-1
53-8
45-6
41-6
57-7
67-5
60-3
.6
31 6-2
77 9-4
7,057
45’0
50-2
| 52-5
58-9
65-9
70-1
66-0
|64-2
163-8
59-3
52-0
45-8
47-0
59-1
66-8
58-4
59-4
65-8
64-2
57-9
70-2
54-5
58-5
60-6
58-6
56- 8
57- 8
Lat. N.
Long.E.Gr.
Helfht
Jan.
Feb,
March
. Apr.
'
May
June
July
Auy.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
D.J. F.
M.A.M
jj.j.A
| S. 0.N
Year
Bultanpur, in Kulu..
o ,
31 57-8
77 5-8
3,945
_
—
—
—
70-8
72-7
75-2
78-1
70-8
58-9
55’6
_
1 '
75-3
61-8
Kangra ,
.&
32 5-2
76 14-4
2,553
49-7
55-4
62-6
6&-4
790
85-7
78-2
76 0
75-0
67-6
60-6
53*7
52-9
70-0
80-0
67-7
67-6
Dalhousie,
in Chamba
32 32
76 0
6,850
40
46
52
(60)
(70)
76.2
75.3
70-7
65*6
56-8
(54)
(45)
(43-7)
(60-7)
74-1
(58-8)
(59-3)
Kardong, in Lahol . .P
32 33-8
77 0-6
10,242
24
36
44
47
49
54
63
60
52
4:6
37
27
29-0
46*6
59-0
45-0
44-9
Srinager,
Kashmir
Capital of
.P
34 4-6
74 48-5
5,146
40
45
50
56
60
70
73
71
63
57
54
42
42-3
55-3
71-3
58
56-8
Marri, in Marri . . . .p
3i5 51-0
73 22-7
6,963
37-9
44-0
50-6
55*7
63*3
71-1
67-7
65-9
67-0
60-2
49-6
43-2
41-8
56-5
G8;2
59-2
56 4
Kanam , Monastery in
. Kanaur..
Lingti-T6di-ju, in Spiti P
Mud, „ „
Spiti,uppervalley „ „
Tsomoriri Saltlake, in
Rupchu ....
Leh. Capital of Ladakf)
Skardo, Capi’al of Balti
Bushia, inKh6tan, Turki-
stdn.p.
Yarkand, Cap. ofTurkist,
Lat. N.
Lang.E.Gr
Heifht
Jan. |
Feb. j
March
Apr.
May
1
J«ne
July
Auf.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
D.J.F.
M.A.M.
J. J. A.
S.0.N.J
o ,
32
O f
78%
9,296
34
36
40-5
49-9
59-8
66-3
69-2
67-7
63-9
56-2
43-9
37-3
35-8
50-1
67-7
54-8
32 9
78 12
11 316
_
—
_
—
_
70-1
33 51-6
78 1-3
12,421
—
—
—
—
—
53-6
32 10
78
13,000
19-2
18-7
24-5
40-9
49-0
59-5
63.6
58-6
55"5
40-1
22-8
14-3
17-4
38-1
60-6
39-5
32 45-4
78 16-C
15,130
—
—
—
49-8
34 8-3
77 14.6
11,532
20
26
36
44
50-1
56-2
66-4
65-2
56-5
39-5
34
21
22-3
43;4
.62-6
43-3
35-20-2
75 44-0
7,255
32
39
45
51
58
66
69
68
59
52%
43
33
34 7
51-3
67-6
4)1-5
36 26
78 19
9,310
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(22)
(45)
(61)
(45)
38 10
74 0
4,200
—
—
—
—
—
— .
—
—
—
—
—
— ■
(38)
54
(69)
(56)
52-1
39-4
42-9
51:8
(43)
(54)
DAILY VARIATION OFTEMPERATURE.
I. Bombay, Lat.N.*i8#53,30MLoag. E.(hM7284 9’5”
Jan. Febr. May Jime .Sept.Oct.
The 24 Minimur^after Suarise, could not be sliown iuthe Curyes, the difference
i’. TeTir>i*T<i tirrp nml Time"bem9 too srrvnll.
DAILY VARIATION 0F TEM PE.RATU RE.
IL Ambala, Lat.K.OO“21’4’ Long.E.tir.:76“48l8''HeightM28{t
1833. January to Deeenxbev.
Thp uuTuerlcaldetalls are coutameu i:ivc.. IV
I S 0 T H E R M A L P R 0 F I L E S F 0 R T H E Y E A R A N D T11 E
S ■
‘iKnglft.
SUMMER jHui
JUXE, JULY, AUGUST.
TYPEiS 0 F CLIMATE.
YIVAPv. The temperature of the Iiulian bordersof the Hinuflayaup to 10,000 Feet is raised hv the
vicinitvof fhe Plaius. In Tibet the lveivting influence of its general elevation and cen
tral position is felt up to 17,000 Feet.
WINTER. All the southern side of the Himalaya has a Winter comparatively niihl in conse-
quence of currents ascending from India wlxich are no utore felt, however to
the north of the crest, in Tlbet. __ Turlcistan is cotder still in the same
height and Ihis is nol cimsed by.tlie difference of Latitiute only,- here we oh-
serve already tliat remarkabte depression of temperature characteristic inwinter
. for all Central Asia. *
8PRIXC. This period, though the hot dry season for Tndia, varies much less in iempera-
ture and moisture within the Himataya; heavy rains are not unfrequent in May.
In Ttbet Marchand Aprii are stilT rold and very rough at itiarvy of the inhabited ptaees.
DECREASE
of
MEAN TEMPERATURE
WITH HEIGHT.
Dekhaii anJCentr.India
i°E = 53Q’
Nil g i ris fc-iSovithJiKlia.
1°F - 290'
Ceylon and Ar?lupolago.
1“ E-250’
Himolaynand Tjbet.
J°F-^(J0;ana-38S'
Kuenlupn T’ F. - 380
Genexal Mean = 39iy
ISOTHERMAL LINES
of
HIGH ASIA,
reduced to fhe I. evel.of tlie Se a.
MEAN TEMPERATURE
OF THE YEAR.
VA R I ATIO N
WITH LATITUOE.
1 FTiifh-Jsiu Dccrcasc
»* to the jYbrth - £vF/ir.
foj' /°Jt n t,sini i/ar to
ihat in Confralfturope,
Tothe eastrve rvmar/e-
a tftrncral siriking.
'r ' \ Frorn the Foot of t/ie
ffimalaita to fhe .Yorift-
rrn iwtulcrsof/i’ntra'l
Indiai
VcirraJion tvith.laJi
tudo is J°Ffor 1° of
Latit.f to t/ur Jl ort/c-
rvest there is a nyion
oftocat uicrcase; in
the centrc a depression
is caused by flitnaJay
an currents.
. ESrn Ccntrxil ancL Santh-
em Jju/ia:
One ofthe insu/ar
reffions ofcxtreme^
hccU along the ther■-
mtii eyuatvr.
ISOTHERMAL PROFILE OF THE ALPS FOR THE YEAR.
t'nim mv Hate NEVHI rtiys. Geogr. of tlio Alps, 1850.
Jrt,n,tRo,q
-Scntr ef HrigHtTT" u N
i\«e« _i :96i)0 0 jr UtuU- 8, QQQ£t._'_!-
Jnfhc Timjht, horoc - Col du G/aui : Y-.
per,tlwProlvkiif ttw £ltj»
,V*TiskouM hitpc dnli) ^
|—of its prescRl
Isutaforbeiiujonthc
|sa*mc scaU >ls thc
1^2 zv,
■Finstd raarluirn
Jun,)tW ''‘f* $ chrptldvorn__GrClocknei*_
'*"6A / \jjw „ o,tto
-^' ***“■ -
G enerol ])e cretvs e
of Temper atur e
for the Mean o£ the Year.
^ 320*for L° Fh"hr.
Southcrn. AIps.
Central Alps.
N6rfli.fc.East.Alps.
TYPES 0 F CLIMATE.
f CONTINIJE D..j
SUMMER.The heavy rains in the Himalayalimit the increase of heat otherwise corresponding
to the seoson, whilst in Tihet an miexpected accumnlation of lieat is ohserved; it is
partly the conseqiience of a clouclless state of the sky, but thnt it is felt in heights
SO very great is not less the effect of the general elevation of vSoil, The higher
parts of the athmosphere too are fhoroughly affected hy the tropicat winds and
hy the currents of heated air rising from the Tihetan Highlands. In Inaia
the decrease of temperature with lieight diudng the rains is throughout the
tnost rapid vvhen compared vvith tho other seasons, in High Asia this
season has the slowesl decrease.
AUTtl.MX. Ln Autumn too tlve central parts of High Asia are still comparatively too
warm; an acumulation of cold air is produced in t*ne lower parts.
MEAN INSOLATION AND ABSOLUTE MAXIMA.
MEAN ld50LATlUN.
«!’ JAN. fTldUH..MAILGIL APHIL. >IAY. JUiYE. JIJLT AUG. SKPT. OCT. NOV. UKC.
CENERAL C0MPARIS0N 0F YEARLY VARIATION
k'F.HR. MAKCIl. Al’H- MAY. JirNK. JULY. AUG- SEPT. OCT. XOV. DKC.
VARIATIOX IX IXDIA.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMA,
or highest Temperature in .shade till now oh^ervcd.
JAX. t'EUR. MARCIf ATItll. MAY JL'XE JCLY AUO. SKPT. OCT. JJOV. OEC. ,,ft
Tlu» niimerical data sce Mel.Tablv X*l-
Stalion.
WmtMand
(Jodthaab.
Jakutsk.
Lomlnn.
Oucbcc.
Rome.
Raulptndi.
Lat itude
66*11’ N.
6<t°10’N.
6 2” i' N.
51’30’ n:
46*49’ N.
41*54’ N.
33“3 7 ’ N.
Longihule
83*1 l’W
52 24W.
129°1A’E.
0“ 5’W
7l°16’W
•12’25’E
73° 0’ E.
Height
( = )
( —)
285 ft.
(-)
(=)
1T 0 fl.
1,737'ft.
Jamiary
-23 • 1
12-4
-43 ■ 8
37 • 4
11-0
45- 1
51 ■ 4
Kebruary
-24-1
12-7
-32-1
.46- 6
14- 9
47-3
56 • 4
March
10 - 8
15*7
-9-4
45-3
28; 5
31 • 6
61) • 4
April
6 - 5
22. 1
16-7
48 ■ 4
39-5
57-8
72 • 8
May
23 • 2
32-2
3G- 9
55 • 6
53 • 5
65-3
81 • 5
June
23-3
39- 0
54-9
61 ■ 0
65 • 3
71 -1
9ft - 1
July
35 ■ 3
41-9
62- 1
64 • 2
71 - 4
75-8
86 • 1
August
36- 9
39-8
36*5
63 - 7
70 • 6
7.5 ■ 6
83 ■ 3
vSeptemb
31 6
35- 6
39-4
59 • 2
57 • 5
7 0 • 0
81 - 0
Octobcr
13- 3
29- 8
14-7
52 - 0
4 3*7
64 * 8
76 - 0
Novemb.
7- 9
21- 9
-20 • 1
44 ■ 2
34-3
53 ■ 3
63 * 1
Decemb.
-U-4
17.8
-36 • 5
40 ■ 6
12.7
47 • 7
54-3
Year
8-8
26 . 8
11 -6
51-0
14-8
60 5
71 ■ 4 j
Tp.F.-
0 F TEMPERATURE
TpF
90
Bombay.
Madras.
Uodabetta.
Kuka.
Coiumewyne
CapeTown.
Melbouriu*.
.Station
18’54’N.
13’4’N.
11’ 23’N.
13*10' N.
5’38’ N.
33’56’S.
38’18' S.
Latitude
72’49’E.
80°H'E.
7 6 “4 4' E
14’30’E.
54"42'W
l8‘28'E.
144’30’E.
Longiliuie
( —)
( —)
8,640ft
(-)
(-!•)
(r-'»
(—1
Height
74 • 5
75 -.9
50-8
75-6
78-3
74 • 3
64 • 3
January
.76 • %'
77 • 8
52-2
83-1
77 • 2
75- 9
66 * 8
Vebruary
8 .0 • 0
81-1
35 * 1
39 -0
77*0
72 • 7
64- • 6
March
83 ■ 3
84 ■ 3
56-6
92 - 5
78-1
67 - 0
56 ■ 3
April
.85 - 6
87-2
57-7
90 • 9
78-3
■62 • 1
54 • 2
May
C©
C-3
LP
87 -6
52-9
89- 5
78 ■ 1
57 • 8
50 - 2
Juae
Bi . 3
85'- 6
52-7
83- 7
77 • 9
57 • 0
48 • 2
July
80 • 7
84 - 4
52-9
80 • 3
78 ■ 1
60 • 6
48 • 0
Au*>ust
80; 4
8-3-9
5.2-2
83-3
78 • 3
61 • 9
52 • 7
Septemb.
? 0 . 1
81-7
53-0
85-3
79 • 2
64 • 8
54-9
October
79.7
78 • 4
51-9
79-6
78 • 8,
70 • 0
75-2
Navemb.
76.5
76-3
50-8
71 • S
78 • 8
72 • 2
62 • 8
Doeenth
80 • 3
82 -0
53 • 2
83-7
78.1
66 • 4
58 -2
Year
MOUNTAIN and MARINE SANITARIA »f SOUTHERN INOIA,
froin Dr. Macpkerson's Keports.
YARIATIOX IX HIGH ASIA.
F. M. A. yt. -I_J.
, 1 i
j
n’mla
/
/
_ i
/
■
/
• \
.
.
/ .Simla
... /
1
Darii
\. .
...
/
v_
\.
Uurjil
Ing j
J
’
/
/
\ .
Sinlta
\
L_ A
/
/
T-
/
V
—L
\
z
»»
ji’ling
/
Loh
—t
\
\
/
Lcli/
I.eli
/ .
V
V
/'
'
/
/
\
Th»* uumerit’nl data nre giveit above.
STATIOXS
a ibIo m es tablt'.shed .
i JKutJiur. 3ACO 8 R amandruaiijCO is. 2nruc Maltc.fi,Wl> I
• t Sindvarrah. 9 S/icoa.rai..>2*'0 16 Puln c Jtitt.fi.UH’ 1
3 ChikiUda/i. ‘.kkt' to IfcrkcLd Jffs; 17 MiLrctui. o'.'/fi
4 liuihlariLi/L. \\~Kotcrif.licrri.fiJCr U .imhcrst.
5 Puraiuaix 12 V'taJca/ndndJ%."<'* 19 Curleio fstancl.
6 Dct.Lcr.2CCe 13 Kujiaj.r Sffifi. 70 Port Jllair:
7 Gtiiii JiJndaJ.Jtffi H U’cltinqtoruSSfiO 21 Pcndny UilL
DAILY VARIATiON OF TEMPER ATU RE.
HL Calcutta, Lat.N.:22°33’r Long.K.Gr.'88a20,3/i” Height*18ft.
1855, Jnnuary toDecHniber.
85
GS
60
S5
Ma
cJ—
R
1___
AptiL
\
)
Jur
y
\
/
-
\
/
\
_
ivxs
%
/
'S
rpt. v :
Jf
h
x
\
n
/{
//
/.
)ct
■ >
\
%
./
/
\A
_j
J
Jv
r\f*
%
/ /
V
/_]
’
_' • j A
Av
:|R
%
-
/
y
//
-7
Xu
Ftjbr
Sej
vtr-
y
V
h H
/
[ \
- - U/
! v 0ot.
i
L
R..'_
(
et<
ib
D««
-‘->1
Jirji*
.
hii
ii
t
X
[Mai*iLit\
Im
oa
r\
\
\ .
rcl
N
1
j
L
•
_\
uvojitvb
,
L
/
\
-
itrv
eir
\\
\
" ■ -
1
U
_
•)
□
y
q
!
r.
\
■\
)ev
tm
V
T
'
N
'v
le.
VT
Cb.
s
\
/
itM
ua
\
1
/
Uli
l1*Y
/
L
DAILY VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE.
HIGH ASIA.
K Tonglo,in Slkkim,
Lat.K. 27M’ 50’ Long. H. 6r. 88'38’55’ Hgt.dO/ISO ft
1855; Maj'.
V. Falut, in Sikkim,
Lat.H.,27°6’ 20’ I.ong. R. Gr.-. 87"59’0’ Hgt.: 12,042 ft
tS53, May.
VI. Islamabad, in Kashmlr,
Lat. If.: 33" 64’ Long. E.. Gr.:75*8* Hgt.:4t6C* ft.
1856. October.
Vfl. Leh, in Ladak,
Lat. H.:28"8'2i" Long. E. Gr.:77‘W’36’Hot.:ll,527ft
1856. SepteiLYljeT.
10
2
6
s
12
■
—
—
|7
_j
r:
/
\
*
t
_ .
II i
_1_i_s_
/
i
slamabad
_
\ j
■ /
, v
'-1
i
i
L
\
/
\j ■
i
1
4-
/
JL
i
,-V- __
r
1
ux
x>
K :
-ch
/
/
R
Leli\
P
.
r
\
■ i
7 1 ■/
Tonglo
s,
j
/
Y
i
/
Fal ut
S
T
' /
• ; \
'. ■
—
'V''
/
w
L_
h
/
//
\
s
\
.-A—
r
i/
' \
/
\\
Jslauiabac
Lu
lauiali
br
'
/
v
LJi
\
/
—7
»to
/
'
,\L_
|Fa
—
~LP
'
Falut
—
/
L
JL
r
V/
'
1
b
The munertcal Jetails fvrt* contoinedinYol lYnt the .Re.sult.<
Leipzig, E’. A. Brodkhaus.
F.nuraveil aad printed bv F. Wolf, Murvich.
ILLrsTIIATIOXS OF THE METEOKOLOCtY OF INDIA AID IIKtLI asia.
Meteorological Maps and Tadles Ns 4
B¥
HERMANN DE SCHLAGrlNTWEIT-SAKUNLUNSKI.
I. TEMPEEATUBE OF THE AIR: 4, STATIONS AID ISOTHERMAL PROFILES OF HI6H ASIA,
UENERAL VARXATION OF TEMPERATURE, AND CHART OF INDIAN TROPICAL 8ANITARIA.
N U M E R I C A I
j
T A B L I
7\
J
0 F
T H F
M E, A N
T E M P E R A T U R E
1. BHUTAN, SIKKIM, NEPAL; EASTERN HIMALAYA
2. KAMAON, GARHVAL, SIMLA; CENTRAL HIMALAYA.
3. KULU, CHAMBA, LAHOL, KASHMIR, MARRI; NORTHWESTERN IirMALAYA.
4. WESTERN TIBET. AND TURKISTAN.
1
Lat. N.
Long.E.Gr
Helght j
Jan-
Pebr
Mtrch ;
Apr. j
Mny
June
July
Aug.
Sept. J
Oct. |
Nov. i
Dcc.
D. J.F.
M.A.M.
J. J.A.
S. O.N.j
Year
NariguD,easternBhut4n *
28 53-8
92 6’0
3,642
46-6
52
60
62
68
73
■74
74
71
67
58
52
50-2
63-3
73-7
65-3
63’1
Bhutan, westernProvinc.:
Devangiri.
26 51
91 30
2,150
55
Tassg6ng..
27 20
91 38
3,182
—
534
Punakha ......
27 35
89 34
3,739
—
—
—
66
Sasi.
27 8
91 29
4,325
47
Lenglung Castle . .
27 39
91 12
4,523
—
51
Tassangsi Castle . .
27 34 ■
91 33
5,387
—
43
Tongso Eort ....
27 30
90 19
6,527
—
—
50
Pankabari, in Sikkim
26 49
88 14
1,790
_
_
_
67-4
_
_
_
80-0
Darjiling, „ „ a
27 3"0
88 15-3
7,168
42-0
44-4
50-1
54-8
58-7
61-8
62-9
62-6
61-1
57-0
52-8
44-2
43-5
54-5
62-4
57-0
544
T6ngioPeak„ , 5
27 1-8
88 3-9
10,080
—
—
—
—
48’0
Falut Peak „ „ Z
27 13-7
87 59.8
12,042
—
—
—
—
4
6.9
•
Kathmandu, Capital of
Nepal ........ p
27 42-1
85 12-2
4,354
45-4
50-3
56*6f 61-6
67-5
72-1
73-1
.73-1
70-7
64-7
55-6
49-5
48-4
61-9
72-8
63’7
61-7
Lohughr.t,
Havalbagh,
Almora,
Nainital,
Mllum,
Dera,
Landaur,
Massuri,
Jhosimath,
Badrinath,
Niti,
Sahathu,
Ddgshai,
Kotghar,
Kassauli,
Simla,
)in Garhval
in Simla
1
Lat. N.
Long.E.Gr
Hcight
Jan.
Feb. jMarch
Apr.
M.y 1
J une |
July j
Auy.
Sept. |
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
D. J.F.
M.A.M.
^J. J. A.
S.O.N.
29 24
80 4
5,649
44-5
45-8
52-3
60-9
66’0
71-0
71-1
70.7
68-7
63-1
51*9
46*4
45-6
59-7
70-9
61-2
29 38
79 37
4,114
47
55
61
66
73
76
78
79
75
69
60
52
50-8
66-6
77-6
68-0
U
29 35-2
79 37’9
5,546
y?-5
54-8
58-4
65*3
71’3
75‘2
73-2
72-6
72-4
66-4
59-8
53-2
51-8
65-0
73-7
66-2
F
29 23-6
79 30-9
6,634
42-5
46-4
55-5
59-3
64-1
69-6
65*3
66-0
63-2
58-1
55-0
48-4
45-8
59-6
67-0
58-8
i1
30 34-6
79 54-8
11,265
—
—
—
—
—
63*5
5
30 18-9
78 1-0
2,240
54-5
59-6
65-
74-3
80-7
83-9
80-4
78-4
77-2
70-5
61-5
55-1
56'4
73-6
80-9
69-7
30 27
78 8
7,511
37-8
43-2
48-6
56’5
63-0
67-5
64-5
63-9
62-8
54-6
49-3
41-7
40-9
56-0
65-3
55-6
30 27’6
78 3-0
6,715
45-2
48-2
53-5
65’1
68-2
64-7
66-7
64-2
64-9
62-0
(53)
(46)
46-5
62-3
65-2
60-0
U
30 34
79 29
4,724
—
—
—
—
—
—
(69-8)
79 20
10,124
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
58-0
30 48
79 34
11,464
—
—
—
—
—
—
65-4
.4
30 58-5
76 58-5
4,205
_
_
_
_
_
81-2
77-6
74-6
75-3
70-2
64-1
.6
30 53’1
77 2-2
6,025
39
53-6
58
63-4
69-0
74-3
68-6
67-8
66*6
63’6
56"5
46-7
46-4
63-5
70-2
62-2
30 19
77 28
6,412
42-4
49-9
54-1
60-5
69-1
71-0
68-5
68-0
66-4
57-7
49-4
46-5
46-3
61-2
69-2
57-8
30 54
77 3
6,650
39-G
39-6
54-8
54-2
64-2
69-3
67-2
65-9
66-1
61-1
53-8
45-6
41-6
57-7
67-5
60-3
.6
31 6-2
77 9-4
7,057
45’0
50-2
| 52-5
58-9
65-9
70-1
66-0
|64-2
163-8
59-3
52-0
45-8
47-0
59-1
66-8
58-4
59-4
65-8
64-2
57-9
70-2
54-5
58-5
60-6
58-6
56- 8
57- 8
Lat. N.
Long.E.Gr.
Helfht
Jan.
Feb,
March
. Apr.
'
May
June
July
Auy.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
D.J. F.
M.A.M
jj.j.A
| S. 0.N
Year
Bultanpur, in Kulu..
o ,
31 57-8
77 5-8
3,945
_
—
—
—
70-8
72-7
75-2
78-1
70-8
58-9
55’6
_
1 '
75-3
61-8
Kangra ,
.&
32 5-2
76 14-4
2,553
49-7
55-4
62-6
6&-4
790
85-7
78-2
76 0
75-0
67-6
60-6
53*7
52-9
70-0
80-0
67-7
67-6
Dalhousie,
in Chamba
32 32
76 0
6,850
40
46
52
(60)
(70)
76.2
75.3
70-7
65*6
56-8
(54)
(45)
(43-7)
(60-7)
74-1
(58-8)
(59-3)
Kardong, in Lahol . .P
32 33-8
77 0-6
10,242
24
36
44
47
49
54
63
60
52
4:6
37
27
29-0
46*6
59-0
45-0
44-9
Srinager,
Kashmir
Capital of
.P
34 4-6
74 48-5
5,146
40
45
50
56
60
70
73
71
63
57
54
42
42-3
55-3
71-3
58
56-8
Marri, in Marri . . . .p
3i5 51-0
73 22-7
6,963
37-9
44-0
50-6
55*7
63*3
71-1
67-7
65-9
67-0
60-2
49-6
43-2
41-8
56-5
G8;2
59-2
56 4
Kanam , Monastery in
. Kanaur..
Lingti-T6di-ju, in Spiti P
Mud, „ „
Spiti,uppervalley „ „
Tsomoriri Saltlake, in
Rupchu ....
Leh. Capital of Ladakf)
Skardo, Capi’al of Balti
Bushia, inKh6tan, Turki-
stdn.p.
Yarkand, Cap. ofTurkist,
Lat. N.
Lang.E.Gr
Heifht
Jan. |
Feb. j
March
Apr.
May
1
J«ne
July
Auf.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
D.J.F.
M.A.M.
J. J. A.
S.0.N.J
o ,
32
O f
78%
9,296
34
36
40-5
49-9
59-8
66-3
69-2
67-7
63-9
56-2
43-9
37-3
35-8
50-1
67-7
54-8
32 9
78 12
11 316
_
—
_
—
_
70-1
33 51-6
78 1-3
12,421
—
—
—
—
—
53-6
32 10
78
13,000
19-2
18-7
24-5
40-9
49-0
59-5
63.6
58-6
55"5
40-1
22-8
14-3
17-4
38-1
60-6
39-5
32 45-4
78 16-C
15,130
—
—
—
49-8
34 8-3
77 14.6
11,532
20
26
36
44
50-1
56-2
66-4
65-2
56-5
39-5
34
21
22-3
43;4
.62-6
43-3
35-20-2
75 44-0
7,255
32
39
45
51
58
66
69
68
59
52%
43
33
34 7
51-3
67-6
4)1-5
36 26
78 19
9,310
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(22)
(45)
(61)
(45)
38 10
74 0
4,200
—
—
—
—
—
— .
—
—
—
—
—
— ■
(38)
54
(69)
(56)
52-1
39-4
42-9
51:8
(43)
(54)
DAILY VARIATION OFTEMPERATURE.
I. Bombay, Lat.N.*i8#53,30MLoag. E.(hM7284 9’5”
Jan. Febr. May Jime .Sept.Oct.
The 24 Minimur^after Suarise, could not be sliown iuthe Curyes, the difference
i’. TeTir>i*T<i tirrp nml Time"bem9 too srrvnll.
DAILY VARIATION 0F TEM PE.RATU RE.
IL Ambala, Lat.K.OO“21’4’ Long.E.tir.:76“48l8''HeightM28{t
1833. January to Deeenxbev.
Thp uuTuerlcaldetalls are coutameu i:ivc.. IV
I S 0 T H E R M A L P R 0 F I L E S F 0 R T H E Y E A R A N D T11 E
S ■
‘iKnglft.
SUMMER jHui
JUXE, JULY, AUGUST.
TYPEiS 0 F CLIMATE.
YIVAPv. The temperature of the Iiulian bordersof the Hinuflayaup to 10,000 Feet is raised hv the
vicinitvof fhe Plaius. In Tibet the lveivting influence of its general elevation and cen
tral position is felt up to 17,000 Feet.
WINTER. All the southern side of the Himalaya has a Winter comparatively niihl in conse-
quence of currents ascending from India wlxich are no utore felt, however to
the north of the crest, in Tlbet. __ Turlcistan is cotder still in the same
height and Ihis is nol cimsed by.tlie difference of Latitiute only,- here we oh-
serve already tliat remarkabte depression of temperature characteristic inwinter
. for all Central Asia. *
8PRIXC. This period, though the hot dry season for Tndia, varies much less in iempera-
ture and moisture within the Himataya; heavy rains are not unfrequent in May.
In Ttbet Marchand Aprii are stilT rold and very rough at itiarvy of the inhabited ptaees.
DECREASE
of
MEAN TEMPERATURE
WITH HEIGHT.
Dekhaii anJCentr.India
i°E = 53Q’
Nil g i ris fc-iSovithJiKlia.
1°F - 290'
Ceylon and Ar?lupolago.
1“ E-250’
Himolaynand Tjbet.
J°F-^(J0;ana-38S'
Kuenlupn T’ F. - 380
Genexal Mean = 39iy
ISOTHERMAL LINES
of
HIGH ASIA,
reduced to fhe I. evel.of tlie Se a.
MEAN TEMPERATURE
OF THE YEAR.
VA R I ATIO N
WITH LATITUOE.
1 FTiifh-Jsiu Dccrcasc
»* to the jYbrth - £vF/ir.
foj' /°Jt n t,sini i/ar to
ihat in Confralfturope,
Tothe eastrve rvmar/e-
a tftrncral siriking.
'r ' \ Frorn the Foot of t/ie
ffimalaita to fhe .Yorift-
rrn iwtulcrsof/i’ntra'l
Indiai
VcirraJion tvith.laJi
tudo is J°Ffor 1° of
Latit.f to t/ur Jl ort/c-
rvest there is a nyion
oftocat uicrcase; in
the centrc a depression
is caused by flitnaJay
an currents.
. ESrn Ccntrxil ancL Santh-
em Jju/ia:
One ofthe insu/ar
reffions ofcxtreme^
hccU along the ther■-
mtii eyuatvr.
ISOTHERMAL PROFILE OF THE ALPS FOR THE YEAR.
t'nim mv Hate NEVHI rtiys. Geogr. of tlio Alps, 1850.
Jrt,n,tRo,q
-Scntr ef HrigHtTT" u N
i\«e« _i :96i)0 0 jr UtuU- 8, QQQ£t._'_!-
Jnfhc Timjht, horoc - Col du G/aui : Y-.
per,tlwProlvkiif ttw £ltj»
,V*TiskouM hitpc dnli) ^
|—of its prescRl
Isutaforbeiiujonthc
|sa*mc scaU >ls thc
1^2 zv,
■Finstd raarluirn
Jun,)tW ''‘f* $ chrptldvorn__GrClocknei*_
'*"6A / \jjw „ o,tto
-^' ***“■ -
G enerol ])e cretvs e
of Temper atur e
for the Mean o£ the Year.
^ 320*for L° Fh"hr.
Southcrn. AIps.
Central Alps.
N6rfli.fc.East.Alps.
TYPES 0 F CLIMATE.
f CONTINIJE D..j
SUMMER.The heavy rains in the Himalayalimit the increase of heat otherwise corresponding
to the seoson, whilst in Tihet an miexpected accumnlation of lieat is ohserved; it is
partly the conseqiience of a clouclless state of the sky, but thnt it is felt in heights
SO very great is not less the effect of the general elevation of vSoil, The higher
parts of the athmosphere too are fhoroughly affected hy the tropicat winds and
hy the currents of heated air rising from the Tihetan Highlands. In Inaia
the decrease of temperature with lieight diudng the rains is throughout the
tnost rapid vvhen compared vvith tho other seasons, in High Asia this
season has the slowesl decrease.
AUTtl.MX. Ln Autumn too tlve central parts of High Asia are still comparatively too
warm; an acumulation of cold air is produced in t*ne lower parts.
MEAN INSOLATION AND ABSOLUTE MAXIMA.
MEAN ld50LATlUN.
«!’ JAN. fTldUH..MAILGIL APHIL. >IAY. JUiYE. JIJLT AUG. SKPT. OCT. NOV. UKC.
CENERAL C0MPARIS0N 0F YEARLY VARIATION
k'F.HR. MAKCIl. Al’H- MAY. JirNK. JULY. AUG- SEPT. OCT. XOV. DKC.
VARIATIOX IX IXDIA.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMA,
or highest Temperature in .shade till now oh^ervcd.
JAX. t'EUR. MARCIf ATItll. MAY JL'XE JCLY AUO. SKPT. OCT. JJOV. OEC. ,,ft
Tlu» niimerical data sce Mel.Tablv X*l-
Stalion.
WmtMand
(Jodthaab.
Jakutsk.
Lomlnn.
Oucbcc.
Rome.
Raulptndi.
Lat itude
66*11’ N.
6<t°10’N.
6 2” i' N.
51’30’ n:
46*49’ N.
41*54’ N.
33“3 7 ’ N.
Longihule
83*1 l’W
52 24W.
129°1A’E.
0“ 5’W
7l°16’W
•12’25’E
73° 0’ E.
Height
( = )
( —)
285 ft.
(-)
(=)
1T 0 fl.
1,737'ft.
Jamiary
-23 • 1
12-4
-43 ■ 8
37 • 4
11-0
45- 1
51 ■ 4
Kebruary
-24-1
12-7
-32-1
.46- 6
14- 9
47-3
56 • 4
March
10 - 8
15*7
-9-4
45-3
28; 5
31 • 6
61) • 4
April
6 - 5
22. 1
16-7
48 ■ 4
39-5
57-8
72 • 8
May
23 • 2
32-2
3G- 9
55 • 6
53 • 5
65-3
81 • 5
June
23-3
39- 0
54-9
61 ■ 0
65 • 3
71 -1
9ft - 1
July
35 ■ 3
41-9
62- 1
64 • 2
71 - 4
75-8
86 • 1
August
36- 9
39-8
36*5
63 - 7
70 • 6
7.5 ■ 6
83 ■ 3
vSeptemb
31 6
35- 6
39-4
59 • 2
57 • 5
7 0 • 0
81 - 0
Octobcr
13- 3
29- 8
14-7
52 - 0
4 3*7
64 * 8
76 - 0
Novemb.
7- 9
21- 9
-20 • 1
44 ■ 2
34-3
53 ■ 3
63 * 1
Decemb.
-U-4
17.8
-36 • 5
40 ■ 6
12.7
47 • 7
54-3
Year
8-8
26 . 8
11 -6
51-0
14-8
60 5
71 ■ 4 j
Tp.F.-
0 F TEMPERATURE
TpF
90
Bombay.
Madras.
Uodabetta.
Kuka.
Coiumewyne
CapeTown.
Melbouriu*.
.Station
18’54’N.
13’4’N.
11’ 23’N.
13*10' N.
5’38’ N.
33’56’S.
38’18' S.
Latitude
72’49’E.
80°H'E.
7 6 “4 4' E
14’30’E.
54"42'W
l8‘28'E.
144’30’E.
Longiliuie
( —)
( —)
8,640ft
(-)
(-!•)
(r-'»
(—1
Height
74 • 5
75 -.9
50-8
75-6
78-3
74 • 3
64 • 3
January
.76 • %'
77 • 8
52-2
83-1
77 • 2
75- 9
66 * 8
Vebruary
8 .0 • 0
81-1
35 * 1
39 -0
77*0
72 • 7
64- • 6
March
83 ■ 3
84 ■ 3
56-6
92 - 5
78-1
67 - 0
56 ■ 3
April
.85 - 6
87-2
57-7
90 • 9
78-3
■62 • 1
54 • 2
May
C©
C-3
LP
87 -6
52-9
89- 5
78 ■ 1
57 • 8
50 - 2
Juae
Bi . 3
85'- 6
52-7
83- 7
77 • 9
57 • 0
48 • 2
July
80 • 7
84 - 4
52-9
80 • 3
78 ■ 1
60 • 6
48 • 0
Au*>ust
80; 4
8-3-9
5.2-2
83-3
78 • 3
61 • 9
52 • 7
Septemb.
? 0 . 1
81-7
53-0
85-3
79 • 2
64 • 8
54-9
October
79.7
78 • 4
51-9
79-6
78 • 8,
70 • 0
75-2
Navemb.
76.5
76-3
50-8
71 • S
78 • 8
72 • 2
62 • 8
Doeenth
80 • 3
82 -0
53 • 2
83-7
78.1
66 • 4
58 -2
Year
MOUNTAIN and MARINE SANITARIA »f SOUTHERN INOIA,
froin Dr. Macpkerson's Keports.
YARIATIOX IX HIGH ASIA.
F. M. A. yt. -I_J.
, 1 i
j
n’mla
/
/
_ i
/
■
/
• \
.
.
/ .Simla
... /
1
Darii
\. .
...
/
v_
\.
Uurjil
Ing j
J
’
/
/
\ .
Sinlta
\
L_ A
/
/
T-
/
V
—L
\
z
»»
ji’ling
/
Loh
—t
\
\
/
Lcli/
I.eli
/ .
V
V
/'
'
/
/
\
Th»* uumerit’nl data nre giveit above.
STATIOXS
a ibIo m es tablt'.shed .
i JKutJiur. 3ACO 8 R amandruaiijCO is. 2nruc Maltc.fi,Wl> I
• t Sindvarrah. 9 S/icoa.rai..>2*'0 16 Puln c Jtitt.fi.UH’ 1
3 ChikiUda/i. ‘.kkt' to IfcrkcLd Jffs; 17 MiLrctui. o'.'/fi
4 liuihlariLi/L. \\~Kotcrif.licrri.fiJCr U .imhcrst.
5 Puraiuaix 12 V'taJca/ndndJ%."<'* 19 Curleio fstancl.
6 Dct.Lcr.2CCe 13 Kujiaj.r Sffifi. 70 Port Jllair:
7 Gtiiii JiJndaJ.Jtffi H U’cltinqtoruSSfiO 21 Pcndny UilL
DAILY VARIATiON OF TEMPER ATU RE.
HL Calcutta, Lat.N.:22°33’r Long.K.Gr.'88a20,3/i” Height*18ft.
1855, Jnnuary toDecHniber.
85
GS
60
S5
Ma
cJ—
R
1___
AptiL
\
)
Jur
y
\
/
-
\
/
\
_
ivxs
%
/
'S
rpt. v :
Jf
h
x
\
n
/{
//
/.
)ct
■ >
\
%
./
/
\A
_j
J
Jv
r\f*
%
/ /
V
/_]
’
_' • j A
Av
:|R
%
-
/
y
//
-7
Xu
Ftjbr
Sej
vtr-
y
V
h H
/
[ \
- - U/
! v 0ot.
i
L
R..'_
(
et<
ib
D««
-‘->1
Jirji*
.
hii
ii
t
X
[Mai*iLit\
Im
oa
r\
\
\ .
rcl
N
1
j
L
•
_\
uvojitvb
,
L
/
\
-
itrv
eir
\\
\
" ■ -
1
U
_
•)
□
y
q
!
r.
\
■\
)ev
tm
V
T
'
N
'v
le.
VT
Cb.
s
\
/
itM
ua
\
1
/
Uli
l1*Y
/
L
DAILY VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE.
HIGH ASIA.
K Tonglo,in Slkkim,
Lat.K. 27M’ 50’ Long. H. 6r. 88'38’55’ Hgt.dO/ISO ft
1855; Maj'.
V. Falut, in Sikkim,
Lat.H.,27°6’ 20’ I.ong. R. Gr.-. 87"59’0’ Hgt.: 12,042 ft
tS53, May.
VI. Islamabad, in Kashmlr,
Lat. If.: 33" 64’ Long. E.. Gr.:75*8* Hgt.:4t6C* ft.
1856. October.
Vfl. Leh, in Ladak,
Lat. H.:28"8'2i" Long. E. Gr.:77‘W’36’Hot.:ll,527ft
1856. SepteiLYljeT.
10
2
6
s
12
■
—
—
|7
_j
r:
/
\
*
t
_ .
II i
_1_i_s_
/
i
slamabad
_
\ j
■ /
, v
'-1
i
i
L
\
/
\j ■
i
1
4-
/
JL
i
,-V- __
r
1
ux
x>
K :
-ch
/
/
R
Leli\
P
.
r
\
■ i
7 1 ■/
Tonglo
s,
j
/
Y
i
/
Fal ut
S
T
' /
• ; \
'. ■
—
'V''
/
w
L_
h
/
//
\
s
\
.-A—
r
i/
' \
/
\\
Jslauiabac
Lu
lauiali
br
'
/
v
LJi
\
/
—7
»to
/
'
,\L_
|Fa
—
~LP
'
Falut
—
/
L
JL
r
V/
'
1
b
The munertcal Jetails fvrt* contoinedinYol lYnt the .Re.sult.<
Leipzig, E’. A. Brodkhaus.
F.nuraveil aad printed bv F. Wolf, Murvich.