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P.ENAEES, PAST AND PRESENT. 337

old school here contend with Hindus of the new school,
—men of the past, determined to uphold the old sys-
tems to the last, with men of the present, determined
at least to modify them, and to hring them to the test
of rigid scrutiny; all which is beneficial to the mind,
although, it may be, not always satisfactory in its im-
mediate issue. The Institute has five constituent sections,
each of which has a European president and one or more
native secretaries. The sections are devoted to the fol-
lowing subjects: Education; Sociology or Social Pro-
gress ; Philosophy and Literature; Science and Art,
with which is associated Medical and Sanitary Improve-
ment (in Benares); and Jurisprudence. The Institute
published a volume of Transactions in the year 1865.

The foreign residents of Benares live chiefly at
Secrole, an extensive suburb on the north-west side
of the city. This Station is divided by the Barna
river, to the south of which the greater portion of
the military cantonments and buildings connected there-
with are situated, and, likewise, the English Church,
the Government College, the Medical Hall, the old Mint,
the town residence of the Maharaja of Benares, the three
Missions of the Church of England, and of the London
and Baptist Societies, and the Courts of Law of the
Civil and Sessions Judge, the Deputy Judge, and the
Judge of Small Causes. To the north of this river
are the houses of the civil officers of Government, the
Courts of the Commissioner of the Division, and of the
Collector and other Magistrates of the district; several
bungalows, inhabited by deposed Eajas and other na-
tives ; the Wards' Institution, for the residence of sons

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