DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.1327#0194
■—w
AN ILLUSTKATED CYCLOPEDIA OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION OP 1851.
MINING AND METALLURGY.
IROS" MANUFACTURES.
(SECOHD NOTICE.)
THIS section was one of the most extensive, as it was also one of the most
miscellaneous, in the English department of the Exhibition. The
piweiit has been called the iron age, and really there are few things,
whether for nse or ornament, which, in this country, arc not now mauufac-
tawd iu iron or some other metal.
A very cursory glance at the catalogue, under the sections of cutlery and
general hardware, will show the almost infinite variety of form and purpose
to which, by the ingenuity of our manufacturers, tho resources of the
aiiueral kingdom have been made available. Commencing our observations
Milt the conversion of pig-iron into bars and other convenient forms, it may
csi.be uninterestingbricily to describe tho processus to which it is submitted.
The machines adopted for forging and condensing wrougat-iron vary in
form and in principle according to the ideas of tho iron-master. The tilt-
hammer—of which examples were to bo found among the machinery in
motion—is most commonly employed. The s team -ham me v of which Mi*.
Xasmyth exhibited his co;! struct hm, is, however, increasing in use. The
■'blooms," as they arc called, arc brought under the hammer, and while at
a red heat, beaten out into bars. These hammers strike on the "bloom"
placed on the anvil, giving from TO to 1-10 blows per minute, and the force
of the blow is according to the square space of that described by the ham-
mer. If the hammer lifted ten inches gives a force of 1000 pounds, it will,
irben lifted twenty inches, strike with a force of -1000 pounds.
Other means of forging iron are sometimes adopted, such as squeezers
and rollers ; but the hammer is usually regarded as a test of good metal.
The hammer breaks badly worked iron moro readily than any other
machine—in the charcoal forge it smashes raw iron, and in the " puddling "
works it crumbles those balls which have been carelessly put together.
Railroad bars, which may be regarded as fair examples of the manufac-
ture of good' bar-Iron, wore numerously exhibited. The Butteriey 'Com-
pany had many examples iu the mineral department on tho south side.
Messrs. Bird and Co. had amongst their extensive collection of iron manu-
factures, specimens of tho Pentwyn rails. The Ehbw Vale Company,
both hero and in tho department devoted to machinery in motion, had
#
many sectional specimens of railway bars ; and wo found also similar
examples from the firm of Messrs. Beeoroft, Butler, and Co. Mr. Morris
Sterling exhibited his hardened top for rails. In tho locomotive engine
. A-ill('iN :; m.i -.:: \l,v„— R.Ui.Y AND SOX:
Price One Pesky.
AN ILLUSTKATED CYCLOPEDIA OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION OP 1851.
MINING AND METALLURGY.
IROS" MANUFACTURES.
(SECOHD NOTICE.)
THIS section was one of the most extensive, as it was also one of the most
miscellaneous, in the English department of the Exhibition. The
piweiit has been called the iron age, and really there are few things,
whether for nse or ornament, which, in this country, arc not now mauufac-
tawd iu iron or some other metal.
A very cursory glance at the catalogue, under the sections of cutlery and
general hardware, will show the almost infinite variety of form and purpose
to which, by the ingenuity of our manufacturers, tho resources of the
aiiueral kingdom have been made available. Commencing our observations
Milt the conversion of pig-iron into bars and other convenient forms, it may
csi.be uninterestingbricily to describe tho processus to which it is submitted.
The machines adopted for forging and condensing wrougat-iron vary in
form and in principle according to the ideas of tho iron-master. The tilt-
hammer—of which examples were to bo found among the machinery in
motion—is most commonly employed. The s team -ham me v of which Mi*.
Xasmyth exhibited his co;! struct hm, is, however, increasing in use. The
■'blooms," as they arc called, arc brought under the hammer, and while at
a red heat, beaten out into bars. These hammers strike on the "bloom"
placed on the anvil, giving from TO to 1-10 blows per minute, and the force
of the blow is according to the square space of that described by the ham-
mer. If the hammer lifted ten inches gives a force of 1000 pounds, it will,
irben lifted twenty inches, strike with a force of -1000 pounds.
Other means of forging iron are sometimes adopted, such as squeezers
and rollers ; but the hammer is usually regarded as a test of good metal.
The hammer breaks badly worked iron moro readily than any other
machine—in the charcoal forge it smashes raw iron, and in the " puddling "
works it crumbles those balls which have been carelessly put together.
Railroad bars, which may be regarded as fair examples of the manufac-
ture of good' bar-Iron, wore numerously exhibited. The Butteriey 'Com-
pany had many examples iu the mineral department on tho south side.
Messrs. Bird and Co. had amongst their extensive collection of iron manu-
factures, specimens of tho Pentwyn rails. The Ehbw Vale Company,
both hero and in tho department devoted to machinery in motion, had
#
many sectional specimens of railway bars ; and wo found also similar
examples from the firm of Messrs. Beeoroft, Butler, and Co. Mr. Morris
Sterling exhibited his hardened top for rails. In tho locomotive engine
. A-ill('iN :; m.i -.:: \l,v„— R.Ui.Y AND SOX:
Price One Pesky.