Ars: časopis Ústavu Dejín Umenia Slovenskej Akadémie Vied (1977-1981(1977))

89

h c o6o>KaioinnMH aHrejiaMH, acp>k;iiuhmh ctoaô ônneBaHHH
h KpecT, 6lm no3>t<e, cKopee Bcero b kohuc 17 hah b na-
Hajie 18 BeKa, nepeAeAan na oôpaa MeTTepuHH (npnqeM
oahh H3 aHrejioB 6ma nepeAeAan Ha cjjurypy KOJienonpe-
KJioHeHHoro h Mo.'iiiuierocst Aonaropa-KapAHnaAa, hto ôbiao
o6napy>KeHO toabko c noMombio peirrrena h nH(j>paKpacHbix
Ayqeft). CorjiacHO MecTHOMy oÔMCHeHHio sth aockh no-
najin b ripoceK H3 6ah3kofo xyropa JlnnTOBCKaa Anna,
BepoHTHo, eme b npouiAOM ctoacthh nocjie noncapa b xy-
TopcKOM KOCTejie, nocJie KOToporo octhahcb ahuib pa3Ba-
AHHbl. Ha OCHOBaHHH CTHAHCTHHeCKOFO aHajIH3a iïhth yno-
MHHyTbix roTHiecKHX pocnnceft aBTop npn HccAeAOBaHHH
AOKasbiBaeT hx oômnocTb HecMOTpa Ha ruioxoe coctohhhc,
a TaK>Ke to, hto ohh npunauAexaT OAHOMy MacTepy.
CoxpaHHBIHHeCH pOCnHCH, KOTOpbie OTHOCHTCH K 20—30-blM
roAaM 16 BeKa coct3bahah BepoaTHee Bcero eAiinoe cpeA-
HeseKOBoe „retabulum“, nocBmuennoe 6o>KbeMy TeJiy. B
TpaAHHHH cAOBauKoft cpeAHeBeKOBoft pocnucH Mbi BnepBbie
BCTpenaeMCH c mothbom AapoxpaHHTeAbHHUbi c oÔJiaTKa-
mh, pacnHcanHOH Ha aockc bmcotoh b oahh MeTp, hto,
BeposTHO, oananaeT, hto OHa omocHAacb k ueurpy ajiTapa.
H XOTH COXpaHHAOCb H3MHOFO ÔOJIbHie apXHBHblX CBHAe-
TejibCTB o cymecrBOBahh!i „retabulum“ noAoÓHoro hocbh-
meiiHsi neM caMHx paôoT, aBTop b CBoeft paôoTe HOHbi-
Tajiacb Ha OCHOBaHHH HeCKOJIbKHX uejlbix H AeMOHTHpOBaH-
Hbix aAiapeft y nac h b P ex h h nasnaqiiTb HKonorpac|)Hqec-
khh cocTaB 3thx „retabulum“. OAHOBpeweHHO ona numer
H 06 HX OÔmeCTBeHHOÜ 4>yHKUHH B CpeAHeBCKOBOM OÔmeCTBe.
Elpn pasjiHneHHH Bapnaunů roTHqecKoro H3o6pa>Keiuiii
ÔOJKbero Tejia HAH KpOBH (<])HrypaTHBHbIM HAH 3HaKOBbIM
chocoôom) b ueHTpe aATapa BcerAa noHBAHeTca b H3o6pa-
3HTeAbHOH <J)OpMe MOTHB XpHCTOBHX MyqeHHH HAH paCRHTHH,
CHHTHH C KpeCTa, HOAOJKeHHH B rpOÔ, BOCKpeceHHH, TaŮHeň
Benepu, AapoxpaHHTeAbHHUbi hah cKopômuHX rocTeft, ao-
noAHeHHbix oôbiKHOBeHHO o6o>KaiomHMH aHreAaMH, qacro
c „arma Christi“. Ha BnyrpeHueň CTopone aATapa h aA-
TapHblX KpbIAbeB B OCHOBHOM H3O6pa>KeH XpHCTOAOFHHeCKHH
Uhka crpacTeft, HHorAa corAacno TeoAorHuecKoft pOKTpnne
KOHKopAauHH BeTXoro h Hobofo aasera, h mothbh coôh-
paHHH MaHHbi HeôecHoii, Hahh b nycTbiHe, HacbimaeMoro
anreAOM. Ha BneinnHx qacTnx „retabulum“ ’iacTO ÓMBaeT
CO CBHTbIMH, BblÖOp KOTOpbIX CBH33H C AereHAOH paCHIHpeHHH
KyAbTa eBXapHCTHH HAH 33BHCHT OT AOKaAbHblX ACTepMHHa-
Uhh (narpoH KocreAa, 3aKa3HHK aATapa, counaAbHan crpyK-
Typa HaceAeHHsi h t. a.).
Ah3AH3 CTHAH 3THX nO3AHeFOTHHeCKHX npOH3BeAeHHH
HOATBepjKAaeT cymecTBOBaHHe HeH3BecTHoro cpeAHeseKOBo-
ro MacTepa, ne HMeiomero ao chx nop Apyrnx naftAeHHbix
B CAOBaKHH npOHSBeAËHHH, XOTH, BepOHTHO, peHb HABT 06
OTeuecTBeHHOM MacTepe, npeACTaBHTeAe oahoh H3 mhoto-
HHCAeHHbix cpeAHeBeKOBbix MacTepcKHx b maxTepcKoft 06-
Aacm hah JlnriTOBe. HoKa hto ewy. mojkho npHnncaTb
TOABKO OAHy pOCnHCb C MOTHBOM XpHCTa CKop6iun,ero,
HaxoAHmyiocH b SyAaneuiTCKOM Myaee H3 AeMOHTHpoBaH-
Horo „retabulum“ HeBbiHcneHHOH mccthocth. B aioôom
CAynae aëao ne KacaeTca pycTHKaAbHoro HcnyccTBa, TaK
KaK pOCHHCb HMeeT HBHbie 3H3KH BblCOKOFO HCKyCCTBa,
xoTH h ne npHABopHoro. HecMOTpa na to, hto MacTep

C TOHKH 3peHHH HKOHOFpa(|)HH H K0MH03HH.HH B OnpeACAeH-
hoh Mepe eme HaxoAHAca b riAeny npeAbiAymnx nosAHe-
roTfmecKHX MOAeAeft, ero Konuenuna XpucTa no HAee
HOBaa; b neň 0Tpa>KaeTca bahhhhc nacTynaiomero ryMa-
HH3Ma Peneccanca. Bo BpeMH paôoTH stofo MacTepa y nac
6bIAO HeCKOAbKO AyXOBHblX TeqeHHH H pa3AHMHble aAan-
TaiiHH no3AHeroTHqecKHX, paHHeBoapoxAeHqecKHx KOHuen-
ijhh, a TaK>Ke KOHijeniiHH shoxh paciiBeTa BospoxcAeHHH h
MaHbepH3Ma. B stom cmmcab Macrep pocnnceft H3 JIhhtob-
CKOft AhHBI CTOHT H3OAHpOB3HHO, He npOAOAHOeT HH B
TpaAHAHH yxoAHmero no3AHeroTHqecKoro HaTypaAHCTHnec-
KOTO 3KCnpeCCHOHH3Ma, HH MaHbepHCTHneCKH CTHAH30B3H-
Hbix 4>Hryp, HH MHCTHHH0-CKa30HHbIX KpaCOK T3K H33bl-
BaeMOH AyHaftcKOH HJKOAbi. Ero noHHMäHHe <J>nryp h npocT-
pancTBa HBAaeTCH paHHeBO3po>KAeHnecKHM, xoth h ne
0CH0B3H0 Ha T3K0H HayHHOft 6a3C, H3 KOTOpOH hcxoahah
HTaAbaHCKHe MacTepa Bo3po>KAeHHH h fliopep. Oh hbho ne
npOHBAHeT CHMHaTHH K HaCHAbCTBeHHblM COKpameHHHM H
Aec|>opMauHsiM, naoôopoT, CTapaeTca ôoAbiue oÔAaropoAHTb
ahijo, Hio npoHBAHeTCH b HecHMMeTpHHecKOM nponopuHo-
naAbHOM Kanone h chabhoh KaAAHrpacJmqecKoft cHAysTHoft
ahhhh. MacTep HcnoAbsyeT noAyTona ne toabko npn H3o-
6pa>KeHHH HHKapnaTa, ho h npeoAOAeBaer ApaMaTHHHocTb
AOKaAbHO nOAnepKHyTOft KpaCKH OTAeAbHblX o6"beKTOB, HeM
noMoraeT npeoAOAesaTb CTHAeBbie KanoHbi tothkh.
HoCKOAbKy COFAaCHO MeCTHOH TpaAHHHH 3TH nO3AH6FO-
THqecKHe pocnncn nonaAH b npoceK H3 ôbiBmeft uepKBH
b JlnnTOBCKoft Anne, H3 cropeBinero aAiapa, a anaAHa
CTHAH H HKOHOrpa(|>HH BepXHeFO CAOH MeTTepiIHH He AaeT
AOCTaTOHHO TOHHbix AaHHbix aah AaTHpoBKH nepepaôoTKH
(cb. Anna c XpncTOM-MAaAeHiieM h Mapneft nonaTbi b
HepaTHnecKoft h aoboabho sacTbiBineň komhoshluih h na-
ÓpOCaHHblft KOHTyp AOBOAbHO He HCCH B apXHT6KT0HHqeCK0M
npocTpancTBe, a KpoMe tofo cAaôo CAeAan), mojkho npeA-
noAaraTb, hto sto 6ma hobhh caoh y>i<e b nepsoft cjjase
namero mbcthofo Bo3po>kachhh, t. e. bo BTopoft noAOBHHe
16 BeKa. KoHeqHo, mh 3HaeM apxaHqnyio BepcHio penec-
caHCHoro xyAOJKecTBeHHoro H3o6pa>KeiiH5i b Caob3khh
b TeqeHne 17 h na>i<e b naqaAe 18 BeKa, hto hbahctch
CneiIH<j)HKOft MeCTHblX OÖmeCTBeHHblX yCAOBHft. HosTOMy
npn pemeHHH npoHcxo>KAenHH sthx no3AHeroTHqecKHx poc-
nHceft aBTop, 3aHHMaBHiaHca HCCAeAOBaHHeM, ôbiAa bm-
nyxAeHa H3yqaTb coxpaHHBiHHecii uepKOBHbie h hctoph-
qecKHe apxHBM AByx MecT: Hpocexa h JIhutobckoh Ahhbi.
Ha OCHOBaHHH COXpaHHBHIHXCH KaHOHHqeCKHX BH3HTaU,HÜ
ona oßnapyjKHAa, hto b HpoceKe koctba 6bia cnaqaAa
nocBamen cb. Maprapere, no3>Ke cb. EAHsaBeTe, ho ao
chx nop HHrAe ne BcnoMHHaeTca, hto TaM 6hia KaKoft-
HHÔyAb KOCT6A, nOCBSmeHHblH CB. Anne. MoîKHO He TOAbKO
AyMaTb o anoHHMHqecKOM KyAbTe MeTTepuHH b xyrope
JlnnTOBCKaa Anna, ho h HeCKOAbKO KaTOAHnecKHx Kano-
HHnecKHX BH3HTapHH KOHua 17 h 18 BeKa ynoMHnaeT nOCAe
ßypHoro nepHOAa PetjiopMauHH, kofas koctca b xyrope
JIhutobckoh Ahhbi cnyxun npoTecTaHTaM, 06 oahom aATape
c oôpasoM MeTTepuHH. Xoth c toakh spenna HAeftnoft 6opb-
6bi nepHOAa PecjiopMauHH hbahctch óoAee BepouTHbiM, hto
aATapb, nocBsuueHHbiH ßoJKbeMy TCAy ne hoaxoaha 6h
npoTCCTaiiTaM, OTBepraiomuM noHHTaTb stot KyAbT, KaaceT-