DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.29897#0104
PE3IOME
nepeeod M. C. IIInaK
KpaKOBCKMM Płihok npnHafljiejKMT k HHCJiy KpacMBeMmnx ropoACKMx njiomaflefł
b EBpone.
IlJiaHnpoBKa PbiHKa ocyrpecTBJieHa b 1257 rofly b CTpeMJieHHM oSte^MHMTb b o^ho
pejioe nocejieHMH, B03HHKmpie b pannee cpe/jHeBeKOBbE Ha nepeKpecTKe KpynHbix
ToproBbix nyTeii, npuTOM b MecTe, KOTopoe no npnpoflHbiM oco66hhocthm rapaHinpo-
Bajio ycneniHyro 3amHTy ot BparoB.
TaTapcKoe HamecTBwe 1241 ro^a, yHHHTOHCHBnree 3HaHHTejibHyio nacTb flepeBHHHbix,
b ochobhom, nocejieHuii, flajio B03M05KH0CTb npnMeHHTb npw nepennaHnpoBKe npeac-
Heń cnoHTaHHOił u xaoTnHecKOfł 3acTpoiótKn ToproBbix nocejieimH, cocpeflOTOHMBmnxcH
y no^HOJKbH BaBejibCKoro xojiMa, peryjiapHyio cncTeMy. IIosTOMy, b ijeHTpe hoboto
nnaHa mohcho 6bnio co3^aTb njiomaflb no o6pa3n;y phmckhx boghhbix jiarepefł, tm-
nMHHyio fljiH cpe^HeBeKOBoro ropowa: KBaflpaT pa3MepoM 200X200 m c OTxos«mnMn
yjinpaMn, no Tpn c Kascflofł ctopohm, KOTopbie aejnrr Becb ropo/i; Ha npaBHJibHbie
KBapTaJibi. B KpaKOBe, eanHCTBeHHbiM oTCTymreroieM ot hhcto reoMeTpnHecKow njia-
HnpoBKu 0Ka3ajiCH K>ro-BocTOHHbiM yroji njioma^H, OTRy^a BBixoflMT Tpo33CKaH yjm-
pa, b03HHKiuaH Ha ynacTKe apeBHero ToproBoro nyTw, Beflmero k BaBejiro n Bmcjihh-
ckhm nepenpaBaM.
ffpeBHeiiumM Ha PbiHKe naMHTHHKOM cTapnHbi HBJiHerca Kocieji cb. Boiin;exa, no-
CTpoeHHbifł b poMaHCKOM cTnjie, Koiopbiii npe^cTaBJiHeT co6ok> cKpoMHoe coopysceHne
c npHMoyronbHbiM npecBiiTeppieM h iijhpokhm, KBaapaTHbiM HetJioM. IIo Mepe nosbi-
nieHMH ypoBHH PbiHKa, flpeBHun KOCTea cTan Kax 6bi „BpacTaTb b 3eMJiro”. B 1611—
1618 roflax npeflnpnHHTa nepecrpoitea KocTena, bo BpeMH KOTopoń 3«aHHe 6hjio Har(-
CTpoeno u nojiynnjio KynojibHoe 3aBepniBHHe.
nepBOHanajibHbie apxHTeKTypHbie (JiopMbi KOCTejia 6buin b 3HaHHTeitbH0ń Mepe ncKa-
steHbi npHCTpoiiKOii b XVIII Bexe HacoBHH n pnaHnpbi, o^HaKo 6wji co3,a;aH jkhbo-
nncHbiń KOMnjieKC b OKpyjKeHnn rpynnbi sepesbeB.
100
nepeeod M. C. IIInaK
KpaKOBCKMM Płihok npnHafljiejKMT k HHCJiy KpacMBeMmnx ropoACKMx njiomaflefł
b EBpone.
IlJiaHnpoBKa PbiHKa ocyrpecTBJieHa b 1257 rofly b CTpeMJieHHM oSte^MHMTb b o^ho
pejioe nocejieHMH, B03HHKmpie b pannee cpe/jHeBeKOBbE Ha nepeKpecTKe KpynHbix
ToproBbix nyTeii, npuTOM b MecTe, KOTopoe no npnpoflHbiM oco66hhocthm rapaHinpo-
Bajio ycneniHyro 3amHTy ot BparoB.
TaTapcKoe HamecTBwe 1241 ro^a, yHHHTOHCHBnree 3HaHHTejibHyio nacTb flepeBHHHbix,
b ochobhom, nocejieHuii, flajio B03M05KH0CTb npnMeHHTb npw nepennaHnpoBKe npeac-
Heń cnoHTaHHOił u xaoTnHecKOfł 3acTpoiótKn ToproBbix nocejieimH, cocpeflOTOHMBmnxcH
y no^HOJKbH BaBejibCKoro xojiMa, peryjiapHyio cncTeMy. IIosTOMy, b ijeHTpe hoboto
nnaHa mohcho 6bnio co3^aTb njiomaflb no o6pa3n;y phmckhx boghhbix jiarepefł, tm-
nMHHyio fljiH cpe^HeBeKOBoro ropowa: KBaflpaT pa3MepoM 200X200 m c OTxos«mnMn
yjinpaMn, no Tpn c Kascflofł ctopohm, KOTopbie aejnrr Becb ropo/i; Ha npaBHJibHbie
KBapTaJibi. B KpaKOBe, eanHCTBeHHbiM oTCTymreroieM ot hhcto reoMeTpnHecKow njia-
HnpoBKu 0Ka3ajiCH K>ro-BocTOHHbiM yroji njioma^H, OTRy^a BBixoflMT Tpo33CKaH yjm-
pa, b03HHKiuaH Ha ynacTKe apeBHero ToproBoro nyTw, Beflmero k BaBejiro n Bmcjihh-
ckhm nepenpaBaM.
ffpeBHeiiumM Ha PbiHKe naMHTHHKOM cTapnHbi HBJiHerca Kocieji cb. Boiin;exa, no-
CTpoeHHbifł b poMaHCKOM cTnjie, Koiopbiii npe^cTaBJiHeT co6ok> cKpoMHoe coopysceHne
c npHMoyronbHbiM npecBiiTeppieM h iijhpokhm, KBaapaTHbiM HetJioM. IIo Mepe nosbi-
nieHMH ypoBHH PbiHKa, flpeBHun KOCTea cTan Kax 6bi „BpacTaTb b 3eMJiro”. B 1611—
1618 roflax npeflnpnHHTa nepecrpoitea KocTena, bo BpeMH KOTopoń 3«aHHe 6hjio Har(-
CTpoeno u nojiynnjio KynojibHoe 3aBepniBHHe.
nepBOHanajibHbie apxHTeKTypHbie (JiopMbi KOCTejia 6buin b 3HaHHTeitbH0ń Mepe ncKa-
steHbi npHCTpoiiKOii b XVIII Bexe HacoBHH n pnaHnpbi, o^HaKo 6wji co3,a;aH jkhbo-
nncHbiń KOMnjieKC b OKpyjKeHnn rpynnbi sepesbeB.
100