DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14697#0055
The Mountain-cults of Zeus 901
Mount Petrachos1.
Phokis
Delphoi2.
Demeter 'O/xoXcoia (supra), and Athena 'O/xoXwis (Lyk. Al. 520 with schol. and Tzetz. ad
he), and concludes: 'Da der Boiotien und Thessalien gemeinsame Monatsname einen
gemeinsamen Kult des Zeus H. wahrscheinlich machen, diirfte Zeus H. ahnlich wie Zeus
Olympios von Thessalien nach Mittelgriechenland gekommen sein.' His cult reached
Eretria also ; for a fragmentary slab discovered close to the western gate of Eretria is in-
scribed in lettering of s. iii. B.C. Atos '0/j.[o]\\wto[v] (K. Kourouniotes in the'E^.'Ap%. 1897
p. 150 n. 3, who cp. the Theban 'O/xoXuides TrvXai). See further O. Hoffmann Die Make-
donen, ihre Sprache und ihr Volkslitm Gottingen 1906 p. 105 f. (Awios='0/xoXwios), E.
Sittig De Graecorum nominibus theophoris Halis Saxonum 1911 p. 14 f. (collects deriva-
tives of 'O/xoXwios, Acuios, and infers from the occurrence of the month '0/xoX6l'os at Eresos
in Lesbos (Inscr. Gr. vis. ii no. 527, 44) ' Iovem omnes Aeoles, priusquam discesserint,
hoc cognomine esse veneratos'), F. BechtelZ>2i?griechischen Dialekte Berlin 1921 i. 19, 142,
264. Supra p. 857 n. 6, infra Append. B Thessalia.
1 The AkrSpolis of Chaironeia was a sharp rocky summit named Petrachos (Plout.
v. Sull. 17). Here Kronos received from Rhea a stone instead of Zeus ; and there was a
small statue of Zeus on the top of the mountain (Paus. 9. 41. 6 'i<m de (nrep rrjv tyoXlv
uprj/xvbs Uerpaxbs KaXovfxevos' YLpbvov de edeXovaiv ivravda dwarrjdTjvaL de^d/xevov dvrl Aids
trerpov wapd rr/s 'Peas, teal dyaX/xa Aids ov /xeya earlv etri Kopv(prj rod bpovs). For the extant
remains of Chaironeia see C. Bursian Geographie von Grieckenland Leipzig 1862 i. 205 f.,
Sir J. G. Frazer on Paus. 9. 40. 5, and H. Hitzig—H. Bliimner on Paus. 9. 40. 7 ; for the
history of the town, E. Oberhummer in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 2033 ff.
2 The Delphians originally occupied a town AvKibpeia higher up on the side of Mt
Parnassos (Strab. 418, cp. schol. Ap. Rhod. 4. 1490, Plout. de Pyth. or. 1 where W. R.
Paton cj. Avuuspeuxv for AvKOvplav). H. N. Ulrichs Reisen und Forschungen in Griecken-
land Bremen 1840 i. 120 and C. Bursian Geographie von Grieckenland Leipzig 1862 i.
179 f. found traces of Avfcwpeia in sundry Hellenic walls still visible on a height to the
west of the Corycian Cave. W. M. Leake Travels in ATorthern Greece London 1841 ii.
579 with truer topographical instinct identified the site of the ancient city with the village
of Liakouri. Here Deukalion had reigned as king {inarm. Par. ep. 1 p. 3 Jacoby, ep. 4
p. 3 f.)—indeed, the town had been founded by survivors of his deluge, who followed the
'howling of wolves,' Xvklov upvycus, to the mountain-top (Paus. 10. 6. 2). Another ac-
count made its founder AvKwpos, son of Apollon by the nymph Korykia (Paus. ib., cp. et.
mag. p. 571, 47 ff.). He is called AvKwpevs by schol. Ap. Rhod. 2. 711 (cp. Hyg. fab. 161),
who adds d<p' ov AvtcupeTs oi AeXcpoi. Finally Anaxandrides (supra p. 238 n. 1) of Delphoi,
who wrote a monograph irepl AvKwpeias, spoke of AvKwpevs as a king (Alexandrides frag. 7
(Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 107 Muller) ap. Steph. Byz. s.v. AvKwpeLa).
The town had a cult of Apollon (et. 7>iag. p. 571, 47 ff.), who is mentioned as Phoibos
AvKiipeLos (Ap. Rhod. 4. 1490), Apollon AvKupevs (Steph. Byz. s.v. 'Avefxupeia), Phoibos
AvKwpetis (Euphorion_/r<2o-. 53 in A. Meineke Analecta Alexandrina Berolini 1843 p. 95 f.,
Kallim. h. Ap. 19, Orph. k. Ap. 34. r, oracul. ap. Euseb. praep. ev. 3. 14. 5 = Cougny
Anth. Pal. Append. 6. 82. 9 f.), or AvKupevs alone (Anth. Pal. 6. 54. 1 (Paulus Silen-
tiarius)). There was also a Zeus AvKwpeios (Steph. Byz. s.v. AvKwpeia-... eari kclI Avklo-
peios Tievs xal AvKwpeiov Sid 5i<fid6yyov), who was presumably worshipped on the peak
known as AvKwpeiov (id. ib.) or AvKwpeus (Loukian. Tim. 3, where for tu AvKicpei I should
restore rqi AvKwpeiq)), later AvKopi (schol. rec. Pind. 01. 9. 70). The highest point of
Parnassos (2459111) is still called to Avxepi. J. Murray Handbook for travellers in Greece"
London 1900 p. 540 f. says: 'The...summit, locally called Lykeri (8070 ft.), is marked
with a wooden cross. At the top of the mountain is a small plain, enclosed in a crater-like
basin, and containing a pool generally frozen over... The view on a clear day exceeds in
grandeur and interest almost every other prospect of the kind. To the N., beyond the
plains of Thessaly, appears Olympus with its snowy tops brilliant in sunlight. Further W.
Mount Petrachos1.
Phokis
Delphoi2.
Demeter 'O/xoXcoia (supra), and Athena 'O/xoXwis (Lyk. Al. 520 with schol. and Tzetz. ad
he), and concludes: 'Da der Boiotien und Thessalien gemeinsame Monatsname einen
gemeinsamen Kult des Zeus H. wahrscheinlich machen, diirfte Zeus H. ahnlich wie Zeus
Olympios von Thessalien nach Mittelgriechenland gekommen sein.' His cult reached
Eretria also ; for a fragmentary slab discovered close to the western gate of Eretria is in-
scribed in lettering of s. iii. B.C. Atos '0/j.[o]\\wto[v] (K. Kourouniotes in the'E^.'Ap%. 1897
p. 150 n. 3, who cp. the Theban 'O/xoXuides TrvXai). See further O. Hoffmann Die Make-
donen, ihre Sprache und ihr Volkslitm Gottingen 1906 p. 105 f. (Awios='0/xoXwios), E.
Sittig De Graecorum nominibus theophoris Halis Saxonum 1911 p. 14 f. (collects deriva-
tives of 'O/xoXwios, Acuios, and infers from the occurrence of the month '0/xoX6l'os at Eresos
in Lesbos (Inscr. Gr. vis. ii no. 527, 44) ' Iovem omnes Aeoles, priusquam discesserint,
hoc cognomine esse veneratos'), F. BechtelZ>2i?griechischen Dialekte Berlin 1921 i. 19, 142,
264. Supra p. 857 n. 6, infra Append. B Thessalia.
1 The AkrSpolis of Chaironeia was a sharp rocky summit named Petrachos (Plout.
v. Sull. 17). Here Kronos received from Rhea a stone instead of Zeus ; and there was a
small statue of Zeus on the top of the mountain (Paus. 9. 41. 6 'i<m de (nrep rrjv tyoXlv
uprj/xvbs Uerpaxbs KaXovfxevos' YLpbvov de edeXovaiv ivravda dwarrjdTjvaL de^d/xevov dvrl Aids
trerpov wapd rr/s 'Peas, teal dyaX/xa Aids ov /xeya earlv etri Kopv(prj rod bpovs). For the extant
remains of Chaironeia see C. Bursian Geographie von Grieckenland Leipzig 1862 i. 205 f.,
Sir J. G. Frazer on Paus. 9. 40. 5, and H. Hitzig—H. Bliimner on Paus. 9. 40. 7 ; for the
history of the town, E. Oberhummer in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 2033 ff.
2 The Delphians originally occupied a town AvKibpeia higher up on the side of Mt
Parnassos (Strab. 418, cp. schol. Ap. Rhod. 4. 1490, Plout. de Pyth. or. 1 where W. R.
Paton cj. Avuuspeuxv for AvKOvplav). H. N. Ulrichs Reisen und Forschungen in Griecken-
land Bremen 1840 i. 120 and C. Bursian Geographie von Grieckenland Leipzig 1862 i.
179 f. found traces of Avfcwpeia in sundry Hellenic walls still visible on a height to the
west of the Corycian Cave. W. M. Leake Travels in ATorthern Greece London 1841 ii.
579 with truer topographical instinct identified the site of the ancient city with the village
of Liakouri. Here Deukalion had reigned as king {inarm. Par. ep. 1 p. 3 Jacoby, ep. 4
p. 3 f.)—indeed, the town had been founded by survivors of his deluge, who followed the
'howling of wolves,' Xvklov upvycus, to the mountain-top (Paus. 10. 6. 2). Another ac-
count made its founder AvKwpos, son of Apollon by the nymph Korykia (Paus. ib., cp. et.
mag. p. 571, 47 ff.). He is called AvKwpevs by schol. Ap. Rhod. 2. 711 (cp. Hyg. fab. 161),
who adds d<p' ov AvtcupeTs oi AeXcpoi. Finally Anaxandrides (supra p. 238 n. 1) of Delphoi,
who wrote a monograph irepl AvKwpeias, spoke of AvKwpevs as a king (Alexandrides frag. 7
(Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 107 Muller) ap. Steph. Byz. s.v. AvKwpeLa).
The town had a cult of Apollon (et. 7>iag. p. 571, 47 ff.), who is mentioned as Phoibos
AvKiipeLos (Ap. Rhod. 4. 1490), Apollon AvKupevs (Steph. Byz. s.v. 'Avefxupeia), Phoibos
AvKwpetis (Euphorion_/r<2o-. 53 in A. Meineke Analecta Alexandrina Berolini 1843 p. 95 f.,
Kallim. h. Ap. 19, Orph. k. Ap. 34. r, oracul. ap. Euseb. praep. ev. 3. 14. 5 = Cougny
Anth. Pal. Append. 6. 82. 9 f.), or AvKupevs alone (Anth. Pal. 6. 54. 1 (Paulus Silen-
tiarius)). There was also a Zeus AvKwpeios (Steph. Byz. s.v. AvKwpeia-... eari kclI Avklo-
peios Tievs xal AvKwpeiov Sid 5i<fid6yyov), who was presumably worshipped on the peak
known as AvKwpeiov (id. ib.) or AvKwpeus (Loukian. Tim. 3, where for tu AvKicpei I should
restore rqi AvKwpeiq)), later AvKopi (schol. rec. Pind. 01. 9. 70). The highest point of
Parnassos (2459111) is still called to Avxepi. J. Murray Handbook for travellers in Greece"
London 1900 p. 540 f. says: 'The...summit, locally called Lykeri (8070 ft.), is marked
with a wooden cross. At the top of the mountain is a small plain, enclosed in a crater-like
basin, and containing a pool generally frozen over... The view on a clear day exceeds in
grandeur and interest almost every other prospect of the kind. To the N., beyond the
plains of Thessaly, appears Olympus with its snowy tops brilliant in sunlight. Further W.