Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Zeus Ag-amemnon

1069

APPENDIX I.

ZEUS AGAMEMNON.

The evidence for the cult of Zeus 'Ayapepvcov at Sparta is as follows : Lyk.
A I. 335 states that Priamos was killed {supra i. 39 n. 2 and n. 6) dp(p\ rvpjBa
rdyapepvovos, on which Tzetzes remarks 'Ayap.epva>v 6 Zevs iv AaKe8aipovia. This
is confirmed by Lyk. Al. ii24 Zevs ^Trapridrais aipvXoLS K.Xrj8rjo-eraL {sc. 6
' Ay ap.ip.va>v) with Tzetz. ad loc. on Aa<e8aip6vLOi l8pvo~avro ' Ayapepvovos Albs
iepbv els riprjv tov rjpcoos, Staphylos frag. 10 {Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 506 Miiller) aft.
Clem. Al. ftrotr. 2. 38. 2 p. 28, 17 f. Stahlin 'Ayapepvova yovv riva Ala iv ^irdpTrj
Tipacrdai 2rdcpvXos Icrropet, Athenag. supftlicatio pro Christianis 1 p. 1 Schwartz
6 8e Aane8aip-6vios ' Ayapepvova Ala.. .o"f'/3et.

For his cult at Athens the evidence is slighter : Lyk. Al. 1369 ff. wpwros pev
r\^ei Zrjvl tg> Aanepo-lio | opatvvpos Zeds, bs naTaifiaTrfs poXcov j o-KTjTTTCo Trvpcoaei
irdvra 8vo-peva>v aradpd with Tzetz. ad loc. Aajvepuai 8rjpos ttjs 'Attikt)s (U. von
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff cj. AaKcovinrjs), evda 'Ayapepvovos Atbs iepov iariv. 6
opatvvpos oiv tco AaTrepcrlcp Ait 6 Ayapepvcov, k.t.X. The cj. Aaica>viK.rjs is supported
by Soph. frag. 871 Nauck2, 957 Jebb, ap. Strab. 364 vrj tco Aanepara {sc. the
Dioskouroi), vrj tov Evparav rplrov, \ vfj Toiis iv "Apyei Kai Kara 1irdpTr]v deods,
Rhian. ap. Steph. Byz. s.v. Aanepo-a 6tjXvko)s, bpos AaKaviKrjs, ov pepvrjrai 'Piavbs
iv 'HXiaKcov Trparcp- aTrb rcov AaTrepcrcbv Aiocrkovpcov. to edviKov AaTrepcralos. See
further W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Wbrterbuch der griechischen Eigenna7nen5
Braunschweig 1875 ii. 773.

With regard to the interpretation of this evidence ancient and modern views
have differed widely : Metrodoros of Lampsakos, who allegorized Homer (Tatian.
or. adv. Grace. 37), took Agamemnon to be the aither (Hesych. 'Ayapepvova-
tov alOepa MrjTp68copos dXXrjyopLKas). Eustath. in II. p. 168, 11 ff. is hardly more
satisfactory: 8one1 evXoycos rrapa AaKaxxi Zevs 'Ayapep.vwv iTrideriKcos elvai, cos 6
AvKOfppcov XaXel- ''Ayap.epvcov re yap evpvapeloov xat Zevs evpvp,e8a>v. el 8rj ravrbv
evpvKpelcov nai eipvpe8a>v, Xeyoir av 81a tovto 8i6vpapf$iKU)Tepov nal 'Ayapepvcov
Zevs, icadoTi icdi evpvKpelmv. Welcker Gr. Gbtterl. ii. 183 regards 1'Ayapepvcov as a
title of Zeus, ' Erzwalter.' Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 157 renders 'Zeus...der
"grosse Sinner'" and ib. n. 22 cites the vase inscriptions AAAME5MON and
AA-ME5MO-(P. Kretschmer Die Griechischen Vaseninschriften Giitersloh
1894 p. 168 ff.) as implying an original *'Ayap.e8pcov (W. Prellwitz in the
Beitrdge zur kunde der indogermanischen sprachen 1891 xvii. 171 f, 1894
xx. 306 f., id. Etym. Wbrterb. d. Gr. Spr.2 p. 3) with which he compares such
names as 'Ayapr]8rjs, 'Ayaprjo-rcop. Wide Lakon. Kulte pp. 12 f., 333 f., following
F. Deneken in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 2449 f, holds that a god 'Ayapepvcov
{dya-+p.ep.-), 'der viel sinnende, viel Sorge tragende, machtig schirmende und
schiitzende,' whose partner was originally 'AXe^dvbpa, came to be identified with
Zeus. On the etymology see, however, K. Brugmann—A. Thumb Griechische
Grammatik* Miinchen 1913 p. 89 : ' Dass uridg. -nm- auch zu -pv- geworden sei,
glauben wir nicht. Man nimmt an, ' Aya-pepvcov sei aus *-p.evpLcov (zu ai. mdntnan-)
entstanden (de Saussure, Mem. 4, 432). Ware das richtig, so konnte die be-
sondere Behandlung der Gruppe -nm- aus der Mitwirkung der anderen Nasale
des Wortes oder aus Volksetymologie (vgl. dpao-v-pepvcov 'mutig standhaltend')
erklart werden. Aber die attische Nebenform 'Ayap.eo-pcov (Kretschmer, Vas.
168 f.) weist auf *'Aya-pe8pcov als Grundform (vgl. prellwitz, BB. 17, 171 f.