Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Appendix B

156 with fig. ri2 informs us ' that the long ridge of the mountain rising in successive peaks
has given rise to a widespread belief in the island that it reproduces the profile of the
native Zeus.' It would seem, then, that in the popular interpretation of this natural
phenomenon Minos has been dispossessed by Zeus.

The same process of religious expropriation can perhaps be detected in another famous
feature of Mt Juktas—the so-called tomb of Zeus. It may be that this celebrated monu-
ment really was, as the schol. Kallim. h. Zeus 8 (supra i. 158 n. 2, cited infra) declares it
to have been, ab origine the tomb of Minos (cp. Sir A. J. Evans in the Journ. Hell. Stud.
1901 xxi. 121 n. 3, id. The Palace of Minos at Knossos i. 154)- The transition from king
to god, always possible, becomes peculiarly probable in the case of one who was Aios
[leyakov 6apiaTr)s (Od. 19. 179). A lawgiver who claimed to speak with the authority of
Zeus might readily be regarded as Zeus incarnate (supra i. 662 with n. 1). The tomb has
already engaged our attention at some length (supra i. [57—163). I shall therefore be
content to collect here the ancient allusions to it—a task well, but not quite adequately,
performed by J. Meursius Creta, Cyprus, Rhodus Amstelodami 1675 pp. 77—81—and to
add a brief account of the excavations carried out on the site in 1909 by Sir A. J. Evans
and Dr D. Mackenzie (Sir A. J. Evans The Palace of Minos at Knossos London 1921 i.
154 ff. figs. 112 —114)-

Epimenides (?) ap. the Gannat Busame (cited supra i. r 57 n. 3) and ap. Isho'dad (cited
supra i. 663 n. 2). Kallim. h. Zeus 8 f. KpTjres del ipevarai- Kal yap rdcpov, u> ava,
creto I Kp^res ereKT-qvavro ■ o~v b' ov ddves, ecrcrl yap aiet with schol. rdtpov ' ev YLpr)rrj eTTi
tci. rd(f>Lp tov MiVcoos eireyeypairTo " MiVcoos tov Aios rdcpos" ' rip xpovtp be to tov MiVwos
(A. Meineke cj. to " Mlvuos rod") dTrr)Xel<fidri (Meineke cj. dir^Xifpri) wore TrepiXeMpdr/vai
<"to0 (ins. O. Schneider) > Aios rd0os." en tovtov ovv ^eif Xeyovai. Kp-ijres tov rdrpov
tov Aios. 7? on ItopufiavTes Xafiovres avrbv eirl rip (so Meineke for tov cod. E, to vulg.)
Kpvxpai bid tov Kpbvov irpocreiroir)cravTo Ta<pov avTCp. Enn. sacr. hist. frag. 526 Baehrens ap.
Lact. div. inst. 1. 11 Ennius in Sacra Historia descriptis omnibus quae in vita sua gessit
ad ultimum sic ait: ' deinde Iuppiter postquam quinquies terras circuivit omnibusque
amicis atque cognatis suis imperia divisit reliquitque hominibus leges mores frumentaque
paravit multaque alia bona fecit, inmortali gloria memoriaque adfectus sempiterna monu-
menta sui reliquit. aetate pessum acta in Creta vitam commutavitet ad deos abiiteumque
Curetes filii sui curaverunt decoraveruntque eum (W. von Hartel cj.<ut d>eum); et
sepulchrum eius est in Creta in oppido Gnosso et dicitur Vesta banc urbem creavisse ;
inque sepulchro eius est inscriptum antiquis litteris Graecis Z A N K PO N O Y id est Latine
Iuppiter Saturni.' hoc certe non poetae tradunt, sed antiquarum rerum scriptores. quae
adeo vera sunt, ut ea Sibyllinis versibus confirmentur, qui sunt tales : 5aifj.ovas d^vxovs,
veKviov etdccXa Ka/movTUv, | ojv KprjTrj KavxviJ'a Tacpovs 7] Sva/xopos e£ei ( = oracl. Sibyll. 8. 47 f.
The passage continues, after a comma, dprjaKevovcra dpbvuiaiv dvaiffdrjTois veKveaaiv). etc.
Varr. ap. Solin. 11. 7 Varro in opere quod de litoralibus est etiam suis temporibus adfirmat
sepulcrum Iovis ibi visitatum (C. Cichorius Romische Studien Leipzig—Berlin 1922 p. 212
argues, from a comparison of Varr. frag. 364 Biicheler ap. Non. Marc. p. 775, 14 ff.
Lindsay, that Varro had himself seen the tomb). Cic. de nat. deor. 3. 53 tertium (sc.
Iovem) Cretensem, Saturni filium, cuius in ilia insula sepulcrum ostenditur (quoted by
Lact. div. inst. 1. 11). Diod. 3. 61 yeyovevai de Kal erepov Ai'a, tov aSeXcpbv fxev Ovpavov,
TTjs 8e KprjTrjs fiaaiXevffavTa, tt) bb'^r) ttoXv Xenr6/j.evov tov /j,eTayeveo~Tepov. tovtov /xev ovv
(3aaiXevaai tov av/uLTravTos koct/xov, tov be npoyevecrTepov, SvvaaTevovTa tt)s irpoeiprip.evris vrjcrov,
beKa 7raI5as yevvrjaat. tovs bvo/j.ao~9evTas Koi5p^ras ■ Trpoaayopevaai 5e Kal rrjv vrjcrov dirb Trjs
yvvat-Kos 'Ibalav, ev 77 Kal TeXevTrjaavTa ra(prjvaL, beiKwp.evov tov ttjv racprjv be^afievov tottov
fj-expiTQiv KaO' rj/xas xpofwv, ib. 6. 5 Vogel (infra). Anth. Pal. 7. 275. 5 f. (Gaetulicus) tov
ipevo~Tav b£ /xe tv/jl^ov eirl %(?oW OevTO. t'i davfxa ; | Kpr^res o7tod xpevcrrai, Kal Aios icrTi Tatpos
(for the cenotaph of Astydamas, a Cydonian drowned between Cape Malea and Crete).
Lucan. 8. 871 f. atque erit Aegyptus populis fortasse nepotum | tam mendax Magni
tumulo quam Creta Tonantis. Mela 2. 112 Crete...multis famigerata fabulis...maxime
tamen eo quod ibi sepulti Iovis paene clarum vestigium, sepulcrum cui nomen eius in-
sculptum est adcolae ostendunt. Stat. Theb. 1. 278 f. (Iuno to Iupiter) placet Ida nocens