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Appendix B
God under the name of Zeus Arbios.' Id. in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1894 xiv. 285 f. fig. 16
publishes a green steatite pendant, inscribed with two linear characters, which he got
from an early cist-grave at Arvi. There was clearly a ' Minoan' settlement on the site.
The name "Ap/3ios is of doubtful significance. One is tempted to compare it with the
Latin arbor, since the district abounds in trees. Peuko ' was once a fine pine forest,' and
(the hollow leading to Kalami 'is filled with ilex, myrtle, pine, oaks and poplars. Lower
down near the village grow figs, pomegranates, mulberry, and other more or less cultivated
trees' (A. Trevor-Battye op. cit. p. 145 f.). Besides, Zeus is known to have been a tree-
god in Crete ; for he bore the title '~Etiripv{iTLos (Hesych, s.v. ''Kttlpvvtlos ' Zeus iv Kpyrrj),
which means either metaphorically ' set over the Growing Plants' (H. Voretzsch in
Hermes 1870 iv. 273, Preller—Robert Gr. Myth. i. 130 n. 3, Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel.
p. 1109 n. 2, O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 198) or literally 'on the Tree'
<(as I rendered it in the Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 413 n. 1, cp. Hesych. s.v. "Evdevdpos- wapa
^PoSiois Zeus" /ecu Aiovvaos iv BoiUTig,), being derived from iwi 4- *lpvvs for Hpvvs = ipi>os
{P. Kretschmer in the Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung 1890 xxx. 584 ' von
gpvvTes.' Gerhard Gr. Myth. i. 161 wrongly prefers the spelling i-rrepvvTios).
In this connexion we should note that silver stateres of Phaistos struck c. 360—300 B.C.
have^z;. ;SO|/l AXA3H A youthful, beardless god seated to the left amid the branches
of a leafless tree; his right hand caresses a cock perched on his knee; his left hand rests on
an animal's skin, which passes beneath him and falls over the upper part of his right leg :
rev. A43 or <pAI£TION (4>AI£) Abull standing to the left, or plunging to the
right, sometimes with a gad-fly on its back, sometimes surrounded with a bay-wreath
{Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Crete etc. p. 63 pi. 15, 10 and 12, Head Coins of the Ancients
p. 28 pi. 14, 37, id. Hist, num.2, p. 473 fig. 253, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 193 no. 4,
J. N. Svoronos Numismatique de la Crete anciemie Macon 1890 i. 259^ pi. 23, 24—26
Fig. 840. Fig. 841.
( = my figs. 839, 841, 838), Babelon Monn.gr. rom. ii. 3. 987 ff. pi. 256,1—3, Overbeck Gr.
Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 197 Munztaf. 3, 3, P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 165 f. pi. 9, 17,
Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 412 f. fig. 8. My fig. 840 is from a specimen in the McClean collec-
tion). Since the tree on these coins of Phaistos is clearly copied from the tree on the
Europe-coins of Gortyna [supra i. 527 ff. fig. 391 ff.), J. N. Svoronos in the Rev. Beige
de Num. 1894 pp. 127, 137 infers that it is an oak; but I adhere to my contention [supra
i. 527 n. 1) that it is the crown of a pollard willow. Comparison with other Phaestian
coins (J. N. Svoronos Numismatique de la Crete ancienne i. 260 f. pi. 24, 1 f., 6 f., Babelon
God under the name of Zeus Arbios.' Id. in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1894 xiv. 285 f. fig. 16
publishes a green steatite pendant, inscribed with two linear characters, which he got
from an early cist-grave at Arvi. There was clearly a ' Minoan' settlement on the site.
The name "Ap/3ios is of doubtful significance. One is tempted to compare it with the
Latin arbor, since the district abounds in trees. Peuko ' was once a fine pine forest,' and
(the hollow leading to Kalami 'is filled with ilex, myrtle, pine, oaks and poplars. Lower
down near the village grow figs, pomegranates, mulberry, and other more or less cultivated
trees' (A. Trevor-Battye op. cit. p. 145 f.). Besides, Zeus is known to have been a tree-
god in Crete ; for he bore the title '~Etiripv{iTLos (Hesych, s.v. ''Kttlpvvtlos ' Zeus iv Kpyrrj),
which means either metaphorically ' set over the Growing Plants' (H. Voretzsch in
Hermes 1870 iv. 273, Preller—Robert Gr. Myth. i. 130 n. 3, Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel.
p. 1109 n. 2, O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 198) or literally 'on the Tree'
<(as I rendered it in the Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 413 n. 1, cp. Hesych. s.v. "Evdevdpos- wapa
^PoSiois Zeus" /ecu Aiovvaos iv BoiUTig,), being derived from iwi 4- *lpvvs for Hpvvs = ipi>os
{P. Kretschmer in the Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung 1890 xxx. 584 ' von
gpvvTes.' Gerhard Gr. Myth. i. 161 wrongly prefers the spelling i-rrepvvTios).
In this connexion we should note that silver stateres of Phaistos struck c. 360—300 B.C.
have^z;. ;SO|/l AXA3H A youthful, beardless god seated to the left amid the branches
of a leafless tree; his right hand caresses a cock perched on his knee; his left hand rests on
an animal's skin, which passes beneath him and falls over the upper part of his right leg :
rev. A43 or <pAI£TION (4>AI£) Abull standing to the left, or plunging to the
right, sometimes with a gad-fly on its back, sometimes surrounded with a bay-wreath
{Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Crete etc. p. 63 pi. 15, 10 and 12, Head Coins of the Ancients
p. 28 pi. 14, 37, id. Hist, num.2, p. 473 fig. 253, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 193 no. 4,
J. N. Svoronos Numismatique de la Crete anciemie Macon 1890 i. 259^ pi. 23, 24—26
Fig. 840. Fig. 841.
( = my figs. 839, 841, 838), Babelon Monn.gr. rom. ii. 3. 987 ff. pi. 256,1—3, Overbeck Gr.
Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 197 Munztaf. 3, 3, P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 165 f. pi. 9, 17,
Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 412 f. fig. 8. My fig. 840 is from a specimen in the McClean collec-
tion). Since the tree on these coins of Phaistos is clearly copied from the tree on the
Europe-coins of Gortyna [supra i. 527 ff. fig. 391 ff.), J. N. Svoronos in the Rev. Beige
de Num. 1894 pp. 127, 137 infers that it is an oak; but I adhere to my contention [supra
i. 527 n. 1) that it is the crown of a pollard willow. Comparison with other Phaestian
coins (J. N. Svoronos Numismatique de la Crete ancienne i. 260 f. pi. 24, 1 f., 6 f., Babelon