DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14697#0122
960
Appendix B
This custom was common in the native religions of Asia Minor (1) [(1) Strab. p. 559 and
532-3.], but it is somewhat remarkable to find it actually practised by a family bearing
Roman names perhaps as late as the third century p.c' Cp. Ail. var. hist. 4. i Avdols
i]v tdos ivpo rod ovvoiKeiv ras yvvouKas dvhpdcriv eraipelv, drra^ Se Kara^evxOeicras awcppovelv •
TTjv Se afj.apTavovffav es erepov ffuyyvwfirjs rvy&v dSvvarov rjv (but hardly the references
collected by Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 915 n. 6). The significance of such customs in
general is disputed (see e.g. M. P. Nilsson Studio, de Dionysiis Atticis Lundae 1900
pp. 119—121, id. Gr. Feste pp. 365—367, Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. pp. 914—917,
F. Cumont Les Religions Orientales dans le PaganismeRomain2 Paris 1909 pp. 143—286,
H. Ploss—M. Bartels Das Weib in der Natur- und Volkerkunde10 Leipzig 1913 i. 614—
616, 648—654, Frazer Golden Bough*: Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 36 ff., 57 ff.) and investigators
have been apt to confuse similar effects produced by dissimilar causes (see E. S. Hartland
'Concerning the Rite at the Temple of Mylitta' in Anthropological Essays presented to
Edward Burnett Tylor Oxford 1907 pp. 189—202). The Trallian inscription perhaps
implies that women, believed to represent a mother-goddess, used to mate with men,
believed to represent a father-god, their union being thought to promote the fruitfulness
of the land and its occupants. If so, the 7raXXa/a§es may have been comparable with the
Egyptian iraWatddes of Zeus Qrjj3aievs (Hdt. 1. 182 (supra i. 348 n. 1), cp. Hekataios of
Abdera frag. 12 (Frag. hist. Gr. ii. 390 Muller) ap. Diod. 1. 47 and yap tlov irp&Twv
rd(pwv, ev ots TrapaSeborai rds TraWaiddas rov Atos reddepdai, k.t.X., Strab. 816 tu Se Ad,
6v pAXiffra Tip.ujcuv, eveLdecrTarr] Kai yevovs XafnrpoTaTov irapdevos ieparai, ds KaXovaiv ol
"EXX^es iraWddas (Xylander cj. 7raX\a/cds. W. Dindorf cj. 7raXXa/ct5as. But see G.
Kramer ad loc.\ avrr] Se Kai TraWaiceuet. Kai avveanv ots /3ot/Aerat, pexpis dv 7/ (pvuiKT]
yevrjTai Kadapais rod crdip:aTOS' fxera 5e tt/u Kadapaiv Si'Sorat Trpbs avSpa- irpiv Se doffrjvai,
tt^pOos avrris dyerai p.erd top rr/s 7raXXa/feias Kaipbv). And the dvnrroTrodes recall the priests
of Zeus at Dodona (//. 16. 234 ff. ZeO dVa, AwSiovaie, UeXaaytKe, t7]\66l i>aluv, \ AwSwvris
pLeSiuv 5vaxtLP-£p0V' dp.<pi 5e SeXXot | eroi vaiova' vTrofprjraL dvnrTOtroSes, xa/xaiewai), who
went with unwashen feet and lay on the ground in order that they might be in constant
contact with Mother Earth (j. O. Schaefer op. cit. p. 462 f. I had hit upon the same
explanation years before and published it in the Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 180). The com-
bination of a rite reminiscent of Egyptian Thebes with a rite reminiscent of Dodona is not
surprising in view of the analogy already traced between the usages of these two cult-
centres (supra i. 363 ft.).
Coppers of Seleukeia (Tralleis) first struck late in s. iii B.C. (Head Hist, num.2 p. 659)
have obv. head of Zeus,laureate, to right; rev. humped bull, with ZEAEYKEflN above
and magistrate's name below, all within maeander-border (F. Imhoof-Blumer Lydische
Stadtmiinzen Genf—Leipzig 1897 p. 169 pi. 7, 7). Some specimens add AIOZ above and
AAPASIOY below the bull (id. ib. p. 169 no. 3). One, in place of the maeander, gives
AIOI AAPAIIOY KAI AIOI EYMENOY {sic) (id. ib. p. 169 f. no. 4),cp. Ditten-
berger Syll. inscr. Gr? no. 985,6 ff. (Philadelpheia in Lydia : s. i B.C.) Atos [701/5 kv to<itwC\ \
rov ~EiUfj.evovs Kai 'Ecrrtas t[t)s irapedpov auJJroO Kat twv aWuv dewv Scorf^pw;' k.t.X.] and the
dedication to Hadrianas Zeus Aapdcuos 2e/3acrTos ^EiVfxevrjs cited supra. The inference is that
Eumenes i was divinised after his death as Zeus Ei)/xecT?s: cp. the divinisation of Eumenes ii
in Michel Recueil a"Inscr. gr. no. 515, 22 = Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 332, 22
deov /SactXews 'Eivp.hov Swr^pos (ib. 24 f., 27 f., 45). Coppers of Tralleis struck in early
imperial times have sometimes obv. head of Zeus,
laureate, to right; rev. A[IO]I AAPAIIOY
KAI[ZA]PEHN humped bull standing to left
(Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lydia p. 339 no. 87: my
fig. 847 is from a cast of this specimen). Later
Fi we find obv. S6YCAA PACIOC bust of Zeus,
laureate, to right, within border of dots; rev.
TPAA AlANflN Dionysos standing to front, naked, with grape-bunch in raised right
hand, kdntharos in lowered left, within border of dots (ib. p. 341 no. 100), or obv. Z6 VC
Appendix B
This custom was common in the native religions of Asia Minor (1) [(1) Strab. p. 559 and
532-3.], but it is somewhat remarkable to find it actually practised by a family bearing
Roman names perhaps as late as the third century p.c' Cp. Ail. var. hist. 4. i Avdols
i]v tdos ivpo rod ovvoiKeiv ras yvvouKas dvhpdcriv eraipelv, drra^ Se Kara^evxOeicras awcppovelv •
TTjv Se afj.apTavovffav es erepov ffuyyvwfirjs rvy&v dSvvarov rjv (but hardly the references
collected by Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 915 n. 6). The significance of such customs in
general is disputed (see e.g. M. P. Nilsson Studio, de Dionysiis Atticis Lundae 1900
pp. 119—121, id. Gr. Feste pp. 365—367, Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. pp. 914—917,
F. Cumont Les Religions Orientales dans le PaganismeRomain2 Paris 1909 pp. 143—286,
H. Ploss—M. Bartels Das Weib in der Natur- und Volkerkunde10 Leipzig 1913 i. 614—
616, 648—654, Frazer Golden Bough*: Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 36 ff., 57 ff.) and investigators
have been apt to confuse similar effects produced by dissimilar causes (see E. S. Hartland
'Concerning the Rite at the Temple of Mylitta' in Anthropological Essays presented to
Edward Burnett Tylor Oxford 1907 pp. 189—202). The Trallian inscription perhaps
implies that women, believed to represent a mother-goddess, used to mate with men,
believed to represent a father-god, their union being thought to promote the fruitfulness
of the land and its occupants. If so, the 7raXXa/a§es may have been comparable with the
Egyptian iraWatddes of Zeus Qrjj3aievs (Hdt. 1. 182 (supra i. 348 n. 1), cp. Hekataios of
Abdera frag. 12 (Frag. hist. Gr. ii. 390 Muller) ap. Diod. 1. 47 and yap tlov irp&Twv
rd(pwv, ev ots TrapaSeborai rds TraWaiddas rov Atos reddepdai, k.t.X., Strab. 816 tu Se Ad,
6v pAXiffra Tip.ujcuv, eveLdecrTarr] Kai yevovs XafnrpoTaTov irapdevos ieparai, ds KaXovaiv ol
"EXX^es iraWddas (Xylander cj. 7raX\a/cds. W. Dindorf cj. 7raXXa/ct5as. But see G.
Kramer ad loc.\ avrr] Se Kai TraWaiceuet. Kai avveanv ots /3ot/Aerat, pexpis dv 7/ (pvuiKT]
yevrjTai Kadapais rod crdip:aTOS' fxera 5e tt/u Kadapaiv Si'Sorat Trpbs avSpa- irpiv Se doffrjvai,
tt^pOos avrris dyerai p.erd top rr/s 7raXXa/feias Kaipbv). And the dvnrroTrodes recall the priests
of Zeus at Dodona (//. 16. 234 ff. ZeO dVa, AwSiovaie, UeXaaytKe, t7]\66l i>aluv, \ AwSwvris
pLeSiuv 5vaxtLP-£p0V' dp.<pi 5e SeXXot | eroi vaiova' vTrofprjraL dvnrTOtroSes, xa/xaiewai), who
went with unwashen feet and lay on the ground in order that they might be in constant
contact with Mother Earth (j. O. Schaefer op. cit. p. 462 f. I had hit upon the same
explanation years before and published it in the Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 180). The com-
bination of a rite reminiscent of Egyptian Thebes with a rite reminiscent of Dodona is not
surprising in view of the analogy already traced between the usages of these two cult-
centres (supra i. 363 ft.).
Coppers of Seleukeia (Tralleis) first struck late in s. iii B.C. (Head Hist, num.2 p. 659)
have obv. head of Zeus,laureate, to right; rev. humped bull, with ZEAEYKEflN above
and magistrate's name below, all within maeander-border (F. Imhoof-Blumer Lydische
Stadtmiinzen Genf—Leipzig 1897 p. 169 pi. 7, 7). Some specimens add AIOZ above and
AAPASIOY below the bull (id. ib. p. 169 no. 3). One, in place of the maeander, gives
AIOI AAPAIIOY KAI AIOI EYMENOY {sic) (id. ib. p. 169 f. no. 4),cp. Ditten-
berger Syll. inscr. Gr? no. 985,6 ff. (Philadelpheia in Lydia : s. i B.C.) Atos [701/5 kv to<itwC\ \
rov ~EiUfj.evovs Kai 'Ecrrtas t[t)s irapedpov auJJroO Kat twv aWuv dewv Scorf^pw;' k.t.X.] and the
dedication to Hadrianas Zeus Aapdcuos 2e/3acrTos ^EiVfxevrjs cited supra. The inference is that
Eumenes i was divinised after his death as Zeus Ei)/xecT?s: cp. the divinisation of Eumenes ii
in Michel Recueil a"Inscr. gr. no. 515, 22 = Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 332, 22
deov /SactXews 'Eivp.hov Swr^pos (ib. 24 f., 27 f., 45). Coppers of Tralleis struck in early
imperial times have sometimes obv. head of Zeus,
laureate, to right; rev. A[IO]I AAPAIIOY
KAI[ZA]PEHN humped bull standing to left
(Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lydia p. 339 no. 87: my
fig. 847 is from a cast of this specimen). Later
Fi we find obv. S6YCAA PACIOC bust of Zeus,
laureate, to right, within border of dots; rev.
TPAA AlANflN Dionysos standing to front, naked, with grape-bunch in raised right
hand, kdntharos in lowered left, within border of dots (ib. p. 341 no. 100), or obv. Z6 VC