Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

I 2 14

Addenda

drums of the column have hitherto been incorrectly placed. Kessler observed that in its
first, fourth, and fifth drums the run-holes for lead ('Gussrinnen') were contrived at the
back of the shaft. If the same rule was followed for the second and third drums, we must
suppose that their front figures were Volcanus and the goddess with the scales. This
supposition is confirmed by the fact that a lance-tip carved beneath Ceres' altar on the lower
edge of the second drum is now seen to be the point of Neptunus' staff on the first drum
—an adjustment further certified by an incised mark (' Versatzmarke ') on the two adjacent
edges. Another mark above the helmet of Virtus on the second drum is likewise found
to fit on to its prolongation below the figure of Pax on the third drum. The whole
rearrangement may be set out as follows:

IVNO
Regina

Luna

Sol

Genius Neronis

Lar

Bacchus

Lar

VENVS

Pax

Iuno San eta

VESTA

VOLCANVS

Virtus

CERES

Honos

Victoria

MARS

DIANA

NEPTVNVS

Inscription

Castor

APOLLO

Pollux

IVPITER

MERCVRIVS
and

Maiaf?)

Hercules

MINERVA

and
Fort una

X
O

0

w
x

H
u.
O

H

<
X

CO

ft

X E

£ 2

O J

1-1 ft

FRONT LEFT SIDE BACK RIGHT SIDE

Quilling now maintains that the entire monument refers to its dedicators, the Canabarii.
Virtus and Honos are (as Maass suggested) personifications of Mayence and Castel. Victoria
between Mars and Neptunus denotes the success of the fourteenth legion, formerly stationed
at Mayence, over the British Boudicca in 6i a.d. Volcanus is there to avert the risk of
fire from the corn-ears of Ceres, who represents the harbour-quarter. The goddess with
the scales is the patron of Mayence market. She that sets foot on the cow's head and she
that has the horse (?) stand for cattle-breeding. Pax is for petty trade. The Genius
Neronis becomes the Genius Canabensium. Apollo hails from the Vicus Apollinensis.
Etc., etc. But Quilling's views succeed one another at such a pace that the foregoing
identifications are, for aught I know, already superannuated.

ii. 97 n. o. H. Mattingly in the Journ. Rom. Stud. 1920 x. 38 described an aureus of
Nero, which has rev. ivppiter liberator Iupiter enthroned to left with a thunderbolt
in his right hand and a sceptre in his left—a thin disguise for the emperor himself.
Mr Mattingly supposed that this coin was struck at Corinth (?) in 67 a.d. (B>it. Mus. Cat.
Rom. Coins Emp. i pp. clxxxiiif., 214 no. no pi. 40, 15), but he is careful to state that
its authenticity has been very seriously questioned (id. p. clxxxiv n. 1). Coppers of l'atrai,
issued under Nero, show rev. ivppiter liberator Iupiter, nude, standing to left with
an eagle on his right hand and a sceptre in his left (Eckhel Doctr. num. vet.2 ii. 243, 256,
B. Pick in the Zeitschr.f. Num. 1890 xvii. 180ff.).

ii. 98 n. 3. On the statuette from Woodchester see also Farnell Cults of Gk. States ii.
529 pi. 31, a (' must be a fragment of a statue of Artemis Tauropolos, standing on the bull
and carrying a torch'), and S. Reinach in the Rev. Arch. 1913 i. 29 fig. 3 ('Ceres'),
i. 422 (' Demeter-Ceres ').

ii. 106 n. 2. Add R. Traquair and A. J. B. Wace 'The Base of the Obelisk of
Theodosius' in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1909 xxix. 60—69 with 7 figs.

ii. 121 ff. on Thracian tattooing. P. Wolters in Hermes 1903 xxxviii. 265—273 ex-
plains the name 'EXacpbcrriKros (Lys. or. 13. 19 Qebtcpirov rbv rod 'EXa^oari'/crou nakovfievov)