Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

no. 23 (inv. 7), 10 Hudank Arlimuk katsarlokid, 'Hudans as well as Artemis will

punish.'

W. H. Buckler ib. p. 13 very acutely suggests that Hudans Tavsas is Zeus 'Td-qvos.
lie observes : 1 Hyde was the ancient, or one of the ancient names, of Sardis (->trab.
xiii, 4. 6), and as in the third century b.c. one could speak of the Carian god
Komyros without also calling him Zeus (Lykoph. Al. 459: KaraiOoou dvaOXa Ku/^vpip, and
Tzetzes ad loc), so one could probably have mentioned Hudans without the additional
name TavSai. The Old-Indian god Dyaus (Dydiis) is the same as Zeus, and since t in
Lydian often takes the place of d, Tavsas might represent D{y)avs-as, and this would be
very similar to Dyaus. In the big stele (No. [23]) sacred to Hudans" and Artemis, the god
mentioned before Artemis must be an important one. We know that Zeus' temple
shared the precinct of Artemis at Sardis, that Tmolos disputed with Crete the honor of
Zeus' birthplace, that Zeus was very important in Lydia, being mentioned and depicted
on coins of Sardis and many other towns, in short that next to Artemis he was by far the

most important local deity____ The termination of Hudans does not seem to be found in

any other Lydian adjective denoting origin, but we cannot be sure that it is not a possible
form, and it certainly suggests the Greek termination Zap5i-ae6s, or -yjvbs. Or perhaps
Hudans is no adjective, but the original name of the Lydian Zeus.'

Id. ib. vi. 2. 11 and 44 retains Tavsas = Tied ais (Hesych. s.v. ~SItjSlv€vs cited supra
p. 312 n. 5), but now transliterates PXdani (not Hudans) and refers to O. A. Danielsson
' Zu den lydischen Inschriften' in the Skrifter utgifna af Kungl. Humanistiska Veten-
skaps-Samfundet i Uppsala 1917 xx. 2. 24 f., who compares Tav§as with the man's name
*Tavcras, gen. Tavaddos (Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.3 no. 46(7 64=1*". Bechtel in
Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. iii. 2. 743 ff. no. 5727 a 64 from Halikarnassos), and
equates PXdilns with ' AtrbXXwv {-Xd- = -XX-, cp. Carian"TcrcrwASos = KWwXAos in the last-
mentioned inscription).

Mr Buckler informs me (May 19, 1924) that his identification of Tavsas with Zevs has
been accepted by Professors A. H. Sayce and J. Fraser. Dr P. Giles, whom I consulted
on the point (Dec. 27, 1924), sees no objection.

The Zeus-cults of Lydia in general are listed by J. Keil ' Die Kulte Lydiens' in
Anatolian Studies presented to Sir William Mitchell Ramsay edd. W. H. Buckler—
W. M. Calder Manchester 1923 pp. 259—261. The list includes no fewer than twenty-
five appellatives, eight of which are epithets in --qvbs.

ii. 962 n. o on the Zeus-cults of Miletos. Add A. Rehm in Milet i. 7. 290 ff. no. 203b
12 f. (cult-regulation of c. 130 b.c.) the priest tov A-qpov tov 'Fw/xaioov ko.1 t?)s 'Pdip-rfs must
have been re\eadeh Ad | TeXetriovpyuj, ib. i. 7. 299 ff. no. 204 a 13 f. (cult-regulation of
s. i a.d.) the priest of Asklepios must have been reXeadis Ad TeXea\_i]\ovpywi. with remarks
on p. 297 f., ib. i. 7. 347 nos. 275 ('in der zweischiffigen Halle') small altar of white
marble decorated with a double axe, to left and right of which is inscribed in late
Hellenistic lettering At||6s Aaj!/3/)ajwj|5^|tol;s, 276 ('in der zweischiffigen Halle') small
altar decorated with a double axe, beneath which in late Hellenistic letters is Aids
Aafipa vvSov, 277 ('in der zweischiffigen Halle") small altar of grey-blue marble decorated
with a double axe, to left of which is Aewv \ 'lepoKXeiovs \ Ad | iia(3pavv8a)i, 278 (' in der
Fiillung der Justiniansmauer ') small altar of white-grey marble decorated with a double
axe, round which is inscribed At|[ds | Ke|!pajwi'oi>.

ii. 970 n. o. Other inscriptions relating to Agdistis are as follows : (1) P. Jouguet in
the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1896 xx. 398 f. = Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. set. no. 28 small
slab of white marble, on sale at Gizeh in 1896 but possibly brought from the Fayum, in
lettering of reign of Ptolemy ii Philadelphos vwep j3aaiXews UroXepiaiov \ tov UroXe/jLaiov
Kal j3aaiXio~o~ris \ 'Aptrivo^s M.b<rx°s 0 'ePfi's j tov vabv /ecu to repevos \ A-yStVret eirrjKoui
iSpvcraro.

(2) J. Keil—A. v. Premerstein ' Bericht uber eine dritte Reise in Lydien ' in the
Denkschr. d. Akad. Wien 1914 i. Abh. p. 18 ff. no. i8 = 0. Weinreich 'Stiftung und
Kultsatzungen eines Privatheiligtums in Philadelpheia in Lydien' in the Sitzungsber. d.
Heidelb. Akad. d. JViss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1919 Abh. xvi. 1—68 = Dittenberger Syll.
inscr. Gr? no. 985 a stele of whitish marble, found at Philadelpheia in Lydia and con-
taining in late Hellenistic script (s. i or ii (?) b.c.) the regulations of an oTkos, or private
sanctuary, of Agdistis established by one Dionysios in accordance with a dream vouchsafed
to him by Zeus. The inscription enumerates the deities who have altars in the ' house '
(vv. 1—11), gives a long list of ritual and moral prescriptions (vv. 12—50), mentions
Agdistis as the guardian and mistress of the 'house' (vv. 50—60), and ends with a