DOI issue:
Dyczek, Piotr: O genezie I rozwoju amfor typu zeest 90 I LR 2
DOI Page / Citation link:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.41862#0025
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Summary
On the genesis and development of Zeest 90 and LR 2 type amphorae
Amphora sherds are one of the most common finds in the region of the Lower Danube. A group
of storage vessels that is distinctive in this materiał is the Zeest 90 type of amphora, otherwise classified
sometimes as: Dressel 24, Kapitan 130, Peacock class 57, Bjelajac XVI, Popilian III.
Amphorae of this type have a characteristic fonn and the formal attributes led me to associate them
with another type of amphora that is quite common in the Lower Danube area — amphora type LR
2. Petrographic and physical-chemical examinations have confirmed my observations and provide the
grounds for considering these two types of storage vessels as variants of a single type. The earlier of
the two, Zeest 90, I have designated as “a”, the later LR 2, as variant “b”.
Archaeological investigations held in making chronological attributions. The earliest examples
of the variant come from Histria, where they are dated to the lst and 2nd centuries AD. The overall
chronological horizon covers a period from the 1st to the 4Л century AD. The earliest examples of variant
“b” come from the early 4Л century AD. From Tomi; the variant lasted into the 7lh century AD.
Stamps with the names of amphora workshop owners are to be found on the handles of amphorae
belonging to variant “a”. The volume of the vessels was marked in red paint on its neck. Dipinti on
the bodies informed of the content, giving the name of the recipient of the load. The producers’ names
written in Greek were given in the genitive, e.g.: НРАКЛА, CTPATONEIKOY. Not all the producers
were Greeks, however, despite their names being written in the tongue, e.g. ILAYAOY, MAPKOY.
The contents of amphorae belonging to variant “a” has been identified only indirectly so far.
However, the fragment with dipinto saying OLEVM, found at Romula, indicates that oil was transported
in these vessels. From valetudinarium in Novae comes evidence that at least some of thet vessels were
used for morę luxurious product — garum madę from oysters. Amphorae of variant “b” were used also
mainly for carrying oil. As for the origins of these amphorae, there are many contrary views on the
subject. In my opinion, the amphorae were produced in Asia Minor.
Summary
On the genesis and development of Zeest 90 and LR 2 type amphorae
Amphora sherds are one of the most common finds in the region of the Lower Danube. A group
of storage vessels that is distinctive in this materiał is the Zeest 90 type of amphora, otherwise classified
sometimes as: Dressel 24, Kapitan 130, Peacock class 57, Bjelajac XVI, Popilian III.
Amphorae of this type have a characteristic fonn and the formal attributes led me to associate them
with another type of amphora that is quite common in the Lower Danube area — amphora type LR
2. Petrographic and physical-chemical examinations have confirmed my observations and provide the
grounds for considering these two types of storage vessels as variants of a single type. The earlier of
the two, Zeest 90, I have designated as “a”, the later LR 2, as variant “b”.
Archaeological investigations held in making chronological attributions. The earliest examples
of the variant come from Histria, where they are dated to the lst and 2nd centuries AD. The overall
chronological horizon covers a period from the 1st to the 4Л century AD. The earliest examples of variant
“b” come from the early 4Л century AD. From Tomi; the variant lasted into the 7lh century AD.
Stamps with the names of amphora workshop owners are to be found on the handles of amphorae
belonging to variant “a”. The volume of the vessels was marked in red paint on its neck. Dipinti on
the bodies informed of the content, giving the name of the recipient of the load. The producers’ names
written in Greek were given in the genitive, e.g.: НРАКЛА, CTPATONEIKOY. Not all the producers
were Greeks, however, despite their names being written in the tongue, e.g. ILAYAOY, MAPKOY.
The contents of amphorae belonging to variant “a” has been identified only indirectly so far.
However, the fragment with dipinto saying OLEVM, found at Romula, indicates that oil was transported
in these vessels. From valetudinarium in Novae comes evidence that at least some of thet vessels were
used for morę luxurious product — garum madę from oysters. Amphorae of variant “b” were used also
mainly for carrying oil. As for the origins of these amphorae, there are many contrary views on the
subject. In my opinion, the amphorae were produced in Asia Minor.