Novensia: Studia i Materiały (20.2009)

210

how artillery could compensate for the lack of manpower [Marsden 1969, 178,
fn. 5].
During the early years of the Empire, artillery became a standardized section
of the army. Every legion was eąuipped with the means to construct, among other
things, military engines. Also, a large backup arsenał was apparently established
in Romę. The Imperial legions possessed roughly one piece of artillery per
centuńa [Marsden 1969, 179ff.]. In the nomenclature, the arrow-firers were
initially called catapultae, the two-armed stone-throwers ballistae [Campbell 2003,
33f.]. Beginning with the 2nd century, ballista refers to arrow-shooting
machines, while (one-armed) stone throwers are named onager. It is unknown
though, when exactly the onager became a standard within the Roman army,
probably during the 3rd century [Marsden 1969, 188f.].

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Fig. 1. Initial fieldwork sectors at Novae