Whittock, Nathaniel: The Art Of Drawing And Colouring From Nature, Flowers, Fruit, And Shells: To Which Is Added, Correct Directions For Preparing The Most Brilliant Colours For Painting On Velvet, With The Mode Of Using Them, Also The New Method Of Oriental Tinting ; With Plain And Coloured Drawings (London, 1829)

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The student will observe, that while speaking of ssowers it is
scarcely possible to avoid the use of botanical terms in describing their
several parts : it will, therefore, be necessary to enter upon a short
explanation of the names by which the different parts of ssowers are
known, previous to commencing another lesson.

THE STEM.

The stem is the organ that springs from the earth, and supports
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branches, leaves, and ssowers. A petiole (as in the preceding subject)
is the footstalk, that supports the leaves, connecting them with the
main stem or branch. When a stem springs at once from the ground
and bears ssowers, but not leaves, it is called a scape. A peduncle, or
ssower stalk, springs from the stem or branches, bearing ssowers, but
not leaves. There are a great number of names used in botanical
works to designate different stems, and also their various parts, but
all that is required in this work is the general appellation.

THE CALYX.

The calyx is the cup of the ssower, and is the green part which is
found at the base of the corolla in most ssowers, and which envelopes
it entirely before it opens. Sortie ssowers have no calyx: it is wanting
in the greater part of the liliaceous tribe, as the tulip, the hyacinth,
the lily, the narcissus, &c. The varieties of the calyx will be
pointed out as the different ssowers come under the notice of the
student.